O'Callaghan C H, Sykes R B, Griffiths A, Thornton J E
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Mar;9(3):511-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.9.3.511.
Cefuroxime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with increased stability to beta-lactamases. This stability, although no absolute in all cases, has the effect of widening the antibacterial spectrum of the compound so that many organisms resistant to the established cephalosporins are susceptible to cefuroxime. It is active against gram-positive organisms, including penicillinase-producing staphylococci, but it is less active against methicillin-resistant strains. In addition to its high activity against non-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria, cefuroxime effectively inhibits the growth of many beta-lactamase-producing strains, including Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and indole-positive Proteus spp. It is highly active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and also Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains. Cefuroxime is rapidly bactericidal and induces the formation and subsequent lysis of filamentous forms over a small concentration range.
头孢呋辛是一种新型广谱头孢菌素抗生素，对β-内酰胺酶的稳定性增强。这种稳定性虽然并非在所有情况下都是绝对的，但具有拓宽该化合物抗菌谱的作用，使得许多对已有的头孢菌素耐药的微生物对头孢呋辛敏感。它对革兰氏阳性菌有活性，包括产青霉素酶的葡萄球菌，但对耐甲氧西林菌株的活性较低。除了对不产β-内酰胺酶的革兰氏阴性菌有高活性外，头孢呋辛还能有效抑制许多产β-内酰胺酶的菌株的生长，包括肠杆菌属、克雷伯菌属和吲哚阳性变形杆菌属。它对淋病奈瑟菌、脑膜炎奈瑟菌以及流感嗜血杆菌（包括耐氨苄西林菌株）有高活性。头孢呋辛具有快速杀菌作用，并在较小的浓度范围内诱导丝状形态的形成及随后的溶解。
