Pomerleau Cynthia S, Zucker Alyssa N, Stewart Abigail J
Department of Psychiatry, Nicotine Research Laboratory, and Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
Addict Behav. 2003 Apr;28(3):575-82. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00257-x.
To investigate the possibility that specific symptom patterns contribute differentially to excess depression among smokers, we analyzed Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) and subscale scores in 931 women current smokers (CS), ex-smokers (ES), and never-smokers (NS). After adjusting for differences in age, education, and marital status, significant group differences were found for the CES-D overall and for Depressed Affect, Anhedonia, and Somatic Features, but not Interpersonal Distress. Both CS and ES scored significantly higher than NS on most measures, whereas differences between CS and ES failed to reach significance. CS were significantly more likely than NS to be taking antidepressants. Alcohol intake also showed significant group differences, with CS>ES>NS, suggesting that the link between current smoking and alcohol intake is mediated by factors other than depression, since CS and ES were comparably depressed. We conclude that studying specific symptom patterns may elucidate the smoking-depression link. Our observation that ES and CS exhibit similar levels of depressive symptomatology further suggests that interventions for depressed smokers need to take into account the likely persistence of depression following cessation.
为了研究特定症状模式对吸烟者中过度抑郁的不同影响，我们分析了931名当前吸烟者（CS）、既往吸烟者（ES）和从不吸烟者（NS）的流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）及分量表得分。在对年龄、教育程度和婚姻状况的差异进行校正后，发现CES-D总分以及抑郁情绪、快感缺失和躯体症状方面存在显著的组间差异，但人际困扰方面没有差异。在大多数指标上，CS和ES的得分均显著高于NS，而CS和ES之间的差异未达到显著水平。CS服用抗抑郁药的可能性显著高于NS。酒精摄入量也显示出显著的组间差异，CS>ES>NS，这表明当前吸烟与酒精摄入之间的联系是由抑郁以外 的因素介导的，因为CS和ES的抑郁程度相当。我们得出结论，研究特定症状模式可能有助于阐明吸烟与抑郁之间的联系。我们观察到ES和CS表现出相似水平的抑郁症状，这进一步表明，对抑郁吸烟者的干预需要考虑戒烟后抑郁可能持续存在的情况。
