la Sala Andrea, Ferrari Davide, Di Virgilio Francesco, Idzko Marco, Norgauer Johannes, Girolomoni Giampiero
Immune Cell Interaction Unit, Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Mar;73(3):339-43. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0802418.
The interplay between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms during inflammatory and immune responses is critical for avoiding excessive tissue damage. Extracellular nucleotides (e.g., adenosine 5'-triphosphate) may represent constitutive signals that can alert the immune system of abnormal cell death. Relatively high doses of nucleotides induce rapid release of proinflammatory mediators and favor pathogen killing. However, recent findings on antigen presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells, revealed a more complex role for these molecules. Chronic exposure to low-dose nucleotides can redirect cellular responses to prototypic activation stimuli, leading to suppressed inflammation and immune deviation.
在炎症和免疫反应过程中，促炎机制和抗炎机制之间的相互作用对于避免过度的组织损伤至关重要。细胞外核苷酸（例如腺苷5'-三磷酸）可能代表组成性信号，可提醒免疫系统注意异常的细胞死亡。相对高剂量的核苷酸会诱导促炎介质的快速释放，并有利于病原体的杀伤。然而，最近关于抗原呈递细胞，特别是树突状细胞的研究结果揭示了这些分子更为复杂的作用。长期暴露于低剂量核苷酸可使细胞反应转向原型激活刺激，从而导致炎症抑制和免疫偏离。
