Grissinger Matthew, Lease Michael
The GMR Group, 1301 Virginia Dr., Suite 301, Fort Washington, PA 19034, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2003 Feb;95(2 Suppl 1):1S-16S.
About dollar 1 out of every dollar 7 spent on health care is related to diabetes mellitus, a leading cause of blindness and kidney failure and a strong risk factor for heart disease. Prevalence of the disease has increased by a third among adults in general in the last decade, but intensive therapy has been shown to delay the onset and slow the progression of diabetes-related complications. While insulin therapy remains key in the management of type 1 diabetes, many patients with type 2, or insulin-resistant, diabetes encounter insulin administration errors that compromise the quality of insulin delivery. Insulin errors are a major, but modifiable, barrier to dosing accuracy and optimal diabetes control for many patients. Future trends to combat the problem include increased use of insulin inhalers and smaller doses of rapid- or short-acting insulin to supplement longer-acting injections.
在医疗保健方面每花费7美元中就有约1美元与糖尿病相关，糖尿病是导致失明和肾衰竭的主要原因，也是心脏病的重要风险因素。在过去十年中，该疾病在成年人中的总体患病率增加了三分之一，但强化治疗已被证明可延缓糖尿病相关并发症的发生并减缓其进展。虽然胰岛素治疗在1型糖尿病的管理中仍然至关重要，但许多2型（即胰岛素抵抗型）糖尿病患者会出现胰岛素给药错误，这会影响胰岛素给药的质量。胰岛素错误是许多患者实现给药准确性和最佳糖尿病控制的一个主要但可改变的障碍。应对这一问题的未来趋势包括增加胰岛素吸入器的使用以及使用小剂量的速效或短效胰岛素来补充长效注射剂。
