Bradley Brendan P, Mogg Karin, Wright Tamsin, Field Matt
Center for the Study of Emotion and Motivation, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2003 Mar;17(1):66-72. doi: 10.1037/0893-164x.17.1.66.
Two experiments investigated attentional biases for smoking-related cues in smokers and nonsmokers, using the visual probe task. In Experiment 1, when pictures were displayed for 500 ms, smokers who had made repeated quit attempts showed an attentional bias for smoking-related scenes. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and revealed that when pictures were presented for 2,000 ms, the smoker group as a whole showed vigilance for smoking-related cues, but nonsmokers did not. The findings from the 500-ms exposure condition suggest that initial orienting of attention to smoking cues was associated with repeated unsuccessful attempts at abstinence in smokers. Results are discussed with reference to incentive-sensitization theories of addiction and to component processes of selective attention, such as initial orienting versus maintenance.
两项实验使用视觉探测任务，研究了吸烟者和非吸烟者对与吸烟相关线索的注意偏向。在实验1中，当图片展示500毫秒时，曾多次尝试戒烟的吸烟者对与吸烟相关的场景表现出注意偏向。实验2重复了这一发现，并揭示当图片展示2000毫秒时，吸烟者总体上对与吸烟相关的线索保持警觉，而非吸烟者则不然。500毫秒曝光条件下的研究结果表明，吸烟者对吸烟线索的初始注意定向与多次戒烟未成功的尝试有关。我们将结合成瘾的动机敏感化理论以及选择性注意的组成过程，如初始定向与维持，来讨论这些结果。
