Kamiru H N, Naidoo S
Department of Community Dentistry, School for Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505.
SADJ. 2002 Dec;57(11):479-82.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions strongly associated with HIV infection and to assess the oral health behaviour among patients attending Queen Elizabeth II Hospital in Maseru. The objectives were: (i) to determine the prevalence of group 1 lesions in HIV-positive patients according to the ECC/WHO classification; (ii) assess the oral hygiene practices of these patients; and (iii) make recommendations based on the findings.
A questionnaire was administered by an interviewer to a sample of 270 patients with a serological diagnosis of HIV infection to assess their oral health behaviour; they were then examined for oral manifestations. The assessment of oral health behaviour involved determining the regularity and frequency of oral hygiene practices, and use of mouth wash, interdental and other adjunct cleaning aids. The presumptive criteria as defined by the ECC/WHO classification were used for diagnosis of the oral mucosal lesions. Results were entered and analysed using Epi info-6 statistical software
The prevalence of specific oral mucosal lesions in order of occurrence was pseudomembranous candidiasis 27%, erythematous candidiasis 26%, angular cheilitis 14%, hairy leukoplakia 12%, ulcerations 12%, necrotising gingivitis 5%, linear gingival erythema 3%, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma less than 1%. This pattern reflects the findings in other regional studies where pseudomembranous candidiasis is often the most common lesion found. Nearly all patients reported cleaning their mouths; 82% did it every day. Mouth wash and interdental cleaning aids were not often used.
A high prevalence (73%) of oral mucosal lesions was found. Oral candidiasis was the most common group of lesions (54%). The oral hygiene practices reported by the patients were considered acceptable.
本研究旨在确定与HIV感染密切相关的口腔黏膜病变的患病率，并评估在马塞卢伊丽莎白二世医院就诊患者的口腔健康行为。目标如下：（i）根据ECC/WHO分类确定HIV阳性患者中1组病变的患病率；（ii）评估这些患者的口腔卫生习惯；（iii）根据研究结果提出建议。
由一名访谈者向270名血清学诊断为HIV感染的患者样本发放问卷，以评估他们的口腔健康行为；随后对他们进行口腔表现检查。口腔健康行为评估包括确定口腔卫生习惯的规律性和频率，以及漱口水、牙间隙清洁工具和其他辅助清洁工具的使用情况。采用ECC/WHO分类定义的推定标准诊断口腔黏膜病变。使用Epi info-6统计软件录入并分析结果。
按出现顺序排列，特定口腔黏膜病变的患病率分别为：假膜性念珠菌病27%，红斑性念珠菌病26%，口角炎14%，毛状白斑12%，溃疡12%，坏死性牙龈炎5%，线性牙龈红斑3%，非霍奇金淋巴瘤和卡波西肉瘤低于1%。这种模式反映了其他地区研究的结果，其中假膜性念珠菌病通常是最常见的病变。几乎所有患者都报告有清洁口腔的行为；82%的患者每天都这样做。漱口水和牙间隙清洁工具使用并不频繁。
发现口腔黏膜病变的患病率很高（73%）。口腔念珠菌病是最常见的病变类型（54%）。患者报告的口腔卫生习惯被认为是可以接受的。
