Adurogbangba M I, Aderinokun G A, Odaibo G N, Olaleye O D, Lawoyin T O
Oyo State Hospitals Management Board Dental Centre, Dugbe, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Oral Dis. 2004 Nov;10(6):319-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2004.01036.x.
The objective of this study was to define the oro-facial lesions associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in an adult population in Oyo state, Nigeria and to relate these with the level of immune suppression as measured by the CD4 counts.
The study population consisted of 679 consecutive subjects who were seen at the state-owned blood bank. Information on demography, medical and medication histories were obtained. Oro-facial examinations were carried out according to Greenspan et al [Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1992)73:142-144]. HIV sero-prevalence status was determined for all patients. CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was carried out for those sero-positive for HIV and 31 randomly selected HIV-negative subjects. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test and odds ratio where appropriate.
Eighty-one (11.9%) of the entire study sample were confirmed HIV positive. The prevalence of specific oral lesions by HIV sero-status revealed that pseudomembranous oral candidiasis and angular cheilitis occurred significantly and more frequently in HIV-positive subjects (33.3 and 21% respectively) than those who were HIV negative (4.3 and 1.8% respectively, P < 0.05). The mean CD4 count of the HIV-positive subjects was 452 cells mm(-3), s.d. 137, while it was 602 cells mm(-3), s.d. 251, for the HIV negatives. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Forty-four (66.7%) subjects with CD4 counts <500 cells mm(-3) had oro-facial lesions whereas among those with CD4 counts >500 cells mm(-3) only 22 (33.3%) had oro-facial lesions (OR = 4.57).
The type of oro-facial lesions most commonly associated with HIV/AIDS in Oyo state, Nigeria, has been shown to be pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. This was followed by angular cheilitis. These lesions, although found in HIV-negative subjects, were in a lower proportion as compared with HIV-positive subjects. Mean CD4 counts were lower in HIV-positive subjects and this was associated with greater prevalence of oro-facial candidiasis and angular cheilitis.
本研究的目的是确定尼日利亚奥约州成年人群中与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）相关的口腔面部病变，并将这些病变与通过CD4细胞计数衡量的免疫抑制水平相关联。
研究人群包括在国有血库就诊的679名连续受试者。获取了人口统计学、医疗和用药史信息。根据格林斯潘等人的方法[《口腔外科、口腔医学、口腔病理学》（1992年）73:142 - 144]进行口腔面部检查。确定了所有患者的HIV血清流行状态。对HIV血清学阳性患者和31名随机选择的HIV阴性受试者进行了CD4 + T淋巴细胞计数。在适当情况下，使用卡方检验、费舍尔精确检验、学生t检验和优势比分析数据。
整个研究样本中有81名（11.9%）被确认为HIV阳性。按HIV血清学状态划分的特定口腔病变患病率显示，HIV阳性受试者中假膜性口腔念珠菌病和口角炎的发生率显著且更频繁（分别为33.3%和21%），高于HIV阴性受试者（分别为4.3%和1.8%，P < 0.05）。HIV阳性受试者的平均CD4细胞计数为452个/mm³，标准差为137，而HIV阴性受试者为602个/mm³，标准差为251。差异具有统计学意义（P = 0.000）。CD4细胞计数<500个/mm³的受试者中有44名（66.7%）患有口腔面部病变，而CD4细胞计数>500个/mm³ 的受试者中只有22名（33.3%）患有口腔面部病变（优势比 = 4.57）。
在尼日利亚奥约州，最常与HIV/AIDS相关的口腔面部病变类型已被证明是假膜性口腔念珠菌病。其次是口角炎。这些病变虽然在HIV阴性受试者中也有发现，但与HIV阳性受试者相比比例较低。HIV阳性受试者的平均CD4细胞计数较低，这与口腔面部念珠菌病和口角炎的较高患病率相关。
