Knauss D.
deBAKOM GmbH, Bergstrasse 36, D-51519 Odenthal, Germany.
Noise Health. 2002;4(15):7-11.
The EC has published a Green Paper on noise policy in the EU and has issued a directive on the assessment and reduction of environmental noise. This directive will make noise mapping mandatory for cities with at least 250.000 inhabitants. Due to the development in computer technology it is possible to calculate noise maps for large urban areas using the available data on buildings, ground profile, road and rail traffic. Examples for noise mapping are Birmingham (GB), Linz (A) and various German cities. Based on noise maps and empirical data on the correlation between annoyance and noise levels annoyance maps for different sources (rail, road, aircraft) can be calculated. Under the assumption that the annoyance for the different sources are only weakly correlated, a combined annoyance map can be calculated. In a second step using the distribution of the population the actual number of annoyed people can be evaluated. This analysis can be used, for example, to identify noise hot spots and to assess the impact of major traffic projects - roads, airports- on the noise situation as well as the impact on the population. Furthermore, the combined annoyance maps can be used to investigate on health effects and to check whether or not empirical correlations between annoyance and noise levels are sufficiently correct.
欧盟委员会发布了一份关于欧盟噪声政策的绿皮书，并颁布了一项关于环境噪声评估与降低的指令。该指令将强制要求至少有25万居民的城市进行噪声地图绘制。由于计算机技术的发展，利用现有的建筑物、地面轮廓、公路和铁路交通数据，能够为大型城市区域计算噪声地图。噪声地图绘制的实例有伯明翰（英国）、林茨（奥地利）以及德国的多个城市。基于噪声地图以及烦恼与噪声水平之间相关性的经验数据，可以计算出不同声源（铁路、公路、飞机）的烦恼地图。在不同声源的烦恼仅存在微弱相关性这一假设下，可以计算出综合烦恼地图。第二步，利用人口分布情况，可以评估实际烦恼人群的数量。例如，这种分析可用于识别噪声热点，评估重大交通项目——道路、机场——对噪声状况的影响以及对人群的影响。此外，综合烦恼地图可用于研究健康影响，并检验烦恼与噪声水平之间的经验相关性是否足够准确。
