Seidel U P, Chadwick O F, Rutter M
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1975 Oct;17(5):563-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1975.tb03522.x.
A detailed standardised study was made of all crippled children aged between five and 15 years and of normal intelligence on the local-authority lists of handicapped children in three London boroughs. Psychiatric disorder was twice as common in children whose crippling was due to cerebral disease or damage rather than some peripheral lesion. As the groups were well matched in terms of physical incapacity and social background, it was concluded that brain damage was responsible for the children's increased vulnerability to emotional problems. Brain damage was also associated with a marked increase in reading difficulties and a lowering of intelligence within the normal range. Psychiatric disorder was found to be related not only to cerebral injury but also to various types of family disturbance. It is concluded that emotional and behavioural disturbance stemmed from both an increased biological vulnerability and psychosocial hazards.
对伦敦三个行政区地方政府残疾儿童名单上所有年龄在5至15岁且智力正常的残疾儿童进行了一项详细的标准化研究。因脑部疾病或损伤导致残疾的儿童患精神疾病的几率是因某些周围性病变导致残疾儿童的两倍。由于两组在身体残疾程度和社会背景方面匹配良好，得出的结论是脑损伤导致儿童更容易出现情绪问题。脑损伤还与阅读困难显著增加以及正常范围内的智力下降有关。发现精神疾病不仅与脑损伤有关，还与各种家庭干扰有关。得出的结论是，情绪和行为障碍源于生物易感性增加和心理社会风险。
