Broitman S A, Gottlieb L S, Vitale J J
Gastroenterology. 1976 Jun;70(6):1101-7.
Assessment of the influence of nutritional substrates on the disposition of ingested ethanol from the blood requires, first, an understanding of the influence that these may exert upon ethanol absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. In this report, the effects of various carbohydrates on the intestinal absorption of ethanol were studied. When carbohydrates (50 mM) were perfused simultaneously with ethanol (50 mM) in vivo in the rat small bowel, ethanol absorption increased up to 34% (P less than 0.005) above controls receiving ethanol alone. Of the monosaccharides, fructose, 3-O-methylglucose, glucose, or galactose added to an ethanol perfusate, only glucose or galactose increased ethanol absorption over control animals receiving ethanol alone. Of the disaccharides tested, sucrose and maltose, but not lactose, enhanced ethanol absorption. Addition of varying concentrations of maltose to an ethanol perfusate augmented ethanol absorption in a direct proportion to the quantity of glucose absorbed, rather than to the quantity of maltose hydrolyzed. Augmentation of ethanol absorption by carbohydrates appears to be dependent upon sugar-active transport. Ethanol, dissolved in intraluminal water, may cross the mucosa in water absorbed during sugar-active transport. This quantity of ethanol is absorbed in addition to that which normally crosses the mucosa by diffusion down its concentration gradient.
评估营养底物对血液中摄入乙醇代谢的影响，首先需要了解这些底物可能对胃肠道乙醇吸收产生的影响。在本报告中，研究了各种碳水化合物对乙醇肠道吸收的影响。当在大鼠小肠体内将碳水化合物（50 mM）与乙醇（50 mM）同时灌注时，乙醇吸收比单独接受乙醇的对照组增加了34%（P < 0.005）。在添加到乙醇灌注液中的单糖中，果糖、3 - O - 甲基葡萄糖、葡萄糖或半乳糖中，只有葡萄糖或半乳糖比单独接受乙醇的对照动物增加了乙醇吸收。在测试的双糖中，蔗糖和麦芽糖，但不是乳糖，增强了乙醇吸收。向乙醇灌注液中添加不同浓度的麦芽糖，乙醇吸收的增加与吸收的葡萄糖量成正比，而不是与水解的麦芽糖量成正比。碳水化合物对乙醇吸收的增强似乎依赖于糖的主动转运。溶解在肠腔内水中的乙醇，可能在糖主动转运过程中吸收的水穿过黏膜。除了通常通过浓度梯度扩散穿过黏膜的乙醇外，还吸收了这部分乙醇。
