Sloman L, Gilbert P, Hasey G
Leon Sloman, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.
J Affect Disord. 2003 Apr;74(2):107-21. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00116-7.
Evolved mechanisms underpinning attachment and social rank behavior may be the basis for some forms of major depression, especially those associated with chronic stress. We note the heterogeneity of depression, but suggest that some of its core symptoms, such as behavioral withdrawal, low self-esteem and anhedonia, may have evolved in order to regulate behavior and mood and convey sensitivity to threats and safety. Focusing on the evolved mental mechanisms for attachment and social rank helps to make sense of (1) depression's common early vulnerability factors (e.g., attachment disruptions, neglect and abuse), (2) the triggering events (e.g., loss of close relationships, being defeated and/or trapped in low socially rewarding or hostile environments), and (3) the psychological preoccupations of depressed people (e.g., sense of unlovableness, self as inferior and a failure). This focus offers clues as to how these two systems interact and on how to intervene.
支撑依恋和社会等级行为的进化机制可能是某些形式的重度抑郁症的基础，尤其是那些与慢性应激相关的抑郁症。我们注意到抑郁症的异质性，但认为其一些核心症状，如行为退缩、自卑和快感缺乏，可能是为了调节行为和情绪，并传达对威胁和安全的敏感性而进化出来的。关注依恋和社会等级的进化心理机制有助于理解：（1）抑郁症常见的早期易患因素（如依恋中断、忽视和虐待）；（2）触发事件（如亲密关系丧失、在社会回报低或充满敌意的环境中受挫和/或陷入困境）；以及（3）抑郁症患者的心理关注点（如不可爱感、自我低人一等和失败感）。这种关注为这两个系统如何相互作用以及如何进行干预提供了线索。
