Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Shanghai, 201318, China.
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South Chongqing Road, No. 227, Shanghai, 201800, China.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jul 12;23(1):1341. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16002-1.
This study explores whether feelings of defeat (i.e., a sense of failed struggle and losing rank; referred to as defeat for simplicity) mediated the effect of work stress on depression/anxiety, the effect of interpersonal needs on depression/anxiety for Chinese industrial workers, and the possible moderating role of social support.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shenzhen, China in 2019, in total, 2023 industrial workers (of 2700 invited; response rate = 75%) completed a self-administered survey consisted of Job Stress Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Defeat Scale, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, two face-valid questions for social support, as well as sociodemographic information. Moderated mediation model was tested and loop plots were applied to probe into the conditional effects of work and interpersonal stress on depression and anxiety symptoms.
Both the direct and indirect effect of work stress on depression and anxiety through defeat were significant (Work stress→ Depression: B = 0.035, p < .001, Work stress→ Defeat→ Depression: B = 0.034, p < .001; Work stress→ Anxiety: B = 0.038, p < .001, Work stress→ Defeat→ Anxiety: B = 0.045, p < .001). Meanwhile, defeat mediated the relationship of interpersonal needs with depression partially and the relationship of interpersonal needs with anxiety totally (Interpersonal needs→ Anxiety: B = 0.133, p < .001, Interpersonal needs→ Defeat→ Anxiety: B = 0.010, p = .537). Social support moderated the indirect path between interpersonal needs and depression/anxiety and buffered the effect.
The mediating role of defeat and the moderator role of social support in the relationship between stress and depression/anxiety were confirmed in industrial workers. Workers who reported more work and interpersonal stress would report more defeat feelings, and then exhibited more depression and anxiety symptoms; this mediation effect was stronger for those who had lower social support, respectively.
本研究旨在探讨挫败感（即努力失败和地位丧失感；简称挫败感）是否在工作压力与抑郁/焦虑之间起中介作用、人际需求与抑郁/焦虑之间的关系是否存在于中国产业工人中，以及社会支持可能起到的调节作用。
本研究于 2019 年在中国深圳进行了一项横断面研究，共纳入 2023 名产业工人（邀请 2700 人，应答率为 75%），完成了一份自填式问卷，内容包括工作压力量表、人际需求问卷、挫败感量表、流行病学研究抑郁量表、广泛性焦虑症量表、两个用于验证社会支持的有效性问题，以及人口统计学信息。检验了有调节的中介模型，并应用循环图探究工作和人际压力对抑郁和焦虑症状的条件效应。
工作压力对抑郁和焦虑的直接和间接影响均通过挫败感而显著（工作压力→抑郁：B=0.035，p<0.001，工作压力→挫败感→抑郁：B=0.034，p<0.001；工作压力→焦虑：B=0.038，p<0.001，工作压力→挫败感→焦虑：B=0.045，p<0.001）。同时，挫败感部分中介了人际需求与抑郁之间的关系，完全中介了人际需求与焦虑之间的关系（人际需求→焦虑：B=0.133，p<0.001，人际需求→挫败感→焦虑：B=0.010，p=0.537）。社会支持调节了人际需求与抑郁/焦虑之间的间接路径，并起到缓冲作用。
在产业工人中，证实了挫败感的中介作用以及社会支持在压力与抑郁/焦虑之间的调节作用。报告工作和人际压力较大的工人会报告更多的挫败感，进而表现出更多的抑郁和焦虑症状；对于社会支持较低的工人，这种中介效应更强。
