Mäkelä Erja A, Vainiotalo Sinikka, Peltonen Kimmo
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2003 Jun;47(4):313-23. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/meg044.
Disinfectants may cause adverse effects directly on the skin or systemically by permeating through the skin. In this study breakthrough times were measured for surgical gloves with chemicals which are commonly used in healthcare. Classical methods of analytical chemistry were tailored for the permeation tests, which were carried out according to the European standard EN 374 and the American standard ASTM F739. An exception to the EN 374 standard was made by using a 4 h testing time instead of 8 h. The gloves did not exhibit permeation of potassium hydroxide (45%), sodium hypochlorite (13%) or hydrogen peroxide (30%). Furthermore, neither glutaraldehyde (2%) nor chlorhexidine digluconate (4%) in the commercial disinfectant solutions studied exhibited permeation. Slight permeation of peracetic acid (0.35%) and acetic acid (4%) from a disinfectant agent was observed through single layered natural rubber materials. Clear evidence of formaldehyde permeation was detected through single layered natural rubber gloves, where the ASTM breakthrough times were 17-67 min, but the permeation rates were not high enough for breakthrough to have occurred according to the EN standard. The gloves in this study which offered most protection from chemical permeation were the chloroprene gloves and the thick double layered natural rubber gloves.
消毒剂可能会直接对皮肤产生不良影响，或通过皮肤渗透对全身造成不良影响。在本研究中，对医疗保健中常用化学品的手术手套进行了突破时间测定。针对渗透测试对经典分析化学方法进行了调整，这些测试是根据欧洲标准EN 374和美国标准ASTM F739进行的。对EN 374标准的一个例外是使用4小时测试时间而非8小时。这些手套未表现出氢氧化钾（45%）、次氯酸钠（13%）或过氧化氢（30%）的渗透。此外，所研究的商用消毒剂溶液中的戊二醛（2%）和葡萄糖酸洗必泰（4%）均未表现出渗透。通过单层天然橡胶材料观察到消毒剂中的过氧乙酸（0.35%）和乙酸（4%）有轻微渗透。通过单层天然橡胶手套检测到甲醛渗透的明确证据，其中ASTM突破时间为17 - 67分钟，但根据EN标准，渗透速率不足以发生突破。本研究中对化学渗透防护效果最佳的手套是氯丁橡胶手套和厚双层天然橡胶手套。
