Pottier I, Vernoux J P
Laboratoire de microbiologie alimentaire U.S.C. INRA, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2003 Mar;96(1):24-8.
Ciguatera is a common seafood poisoning in Western Atlantic and French West Indies. Ciguatera fish poisoning in the Caribbean is a public health problem. A toxicological study was carried out on 178 Caribbean fish specimens (26 species) captured off Guadeloupe and Saint Barthelemy between 1993 and 1999. The mouse bioassay and the chick feeding test were used to control fish edibility. Ciguatoxins presence was assumed when symptomatology was typical of ciguatera in mouse and chick. Fishes were classified in three groups: non toxic fish (edible), low toxic fish (not edible) and toxic fish (not edible). 75% of fishes were non toxic. Toxic fish specimens belonged to four families of high trophic level carnivores: Carangidae, Lutjanidae, Serranidae et Sphyraenidae. Percentages of toxic fishes to humans reached 55% for Caranx latus and 33% for Caranx bartholomaei and Caranx lugubris. Only a significant correlation between weight and toxicity was only found for C. latus and snappers. Small carnivorous groupers (Serranidae) were also toxic. Atoxic fish species were (a) pelagic fish (Coryphaena hippurus, Auxis thazard and Euthynnus pelamis), (b) invertebrates feeders (Malacanthus plumieri, Balistes vetula), (c) small high-risk fish or (d) fish of edible benthic fish families. Liver of four fishes (Mycteroperca venenosa, Caranx bartholomaei, Seriola rivoliana, Gymnothorax funebris) contained ciguatoxins at a significant level although their flesh was safe. This study confirms the usefulness of mouse and chick bioassays for sanitary control of fish.
雪卡毒素中毒是西大西洋和法属西印度群岛常见的海鲜中毒现象。加勒比地区的雪卡鱼中毒是一个公共卫生问题。1993年至1999年期间，对在瓜德罗普岛和圣巴泰勒米岛捕获的178份加勒比鱼类标本（26个物种）进行了毒理学研究。采用小鼠生物测定法和雏鸡喂养试验来控制鱼类的可食用性。当小鼠和雏鸡出现典型的雪卡毒素中毒症状时，假定存在雪卡毒素。鱼类分为三组：无毒鱼（可食用）、低毒鱼（不可食用）和有毒鱼（不可食用）。75%的鱼类无毒。有毒鱼类标本属于四个高营养级食肉动物科：鲹科、笛鲷科、 Serranidae科和金梭鱼科。对于长鳍鲹，对人类有毒的鱼类比例达到55%，对于巴氏鲹和黑背鲹，这一比例为33%。仅在长鳍鲹和笛鲷中发现体重与毒性之间存在显著相关性。小型食肉石斑鱼（Serranidae科）也有毒。无毒鱼类包括：（a）中上层鱼类（波纹唇鱼、扁鲔和黄鳍金枪鱼），（b）以无脊椎动物为食的鱼类（ plumieri 多棘马夫鱼、细纹唇鱼），（c）小型高风险鱼类，或（d）可食用底栖鱼类科的鱼类。四种鱼（毒须鲈、巴氏鲹、高体若鲹、网纹裸胸鳝）的肝脏含有显著水平的雪卡毒素，尽管它们的鱼肉是安全的。这项研究证实了小鼠和雏鸡生物测定法在鱼类卫生控制方面的实用性。
