Salazar-Bravo Jorge, Dragoo Jerry W, Bowen Michael D, Peters Clarence J, Ksiazek Thomas G, Yates Terry L
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1091, USA.
Infect Genet Evol. 2002 May;1(3):191-9. doi: 10.1016/s1567-1348(02)00026-6.
Zoonoses within wild reservoir host populations often occur focally obeying Pavlovskii's rules of "natural nidality". What appears to be a clear example is Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), a disease endemic to northeastern Bolivia. The etiological agent is Machupo virus (MACV, Arenaviridae). The vertebrate reservoir, identified 30 years ago, was Calomys callosus a wild rodent common to open biomes in the lowlands of southeastern South America. The lack of concordance between the occurrence of MACV and the range of its rodent host has puzzled cadres of researchers and could be used as an exemplar of natural nidality. Here, we show that the populations of rodents responsible for the maintenance and transmission of MACV are an independent monophyletic lineage, different from those in other areas of South America. Therefore a clearer understanding of the systematics of the host species explains the apparent natural nidality of BHF. Similar studies may prove to be informative in other zoonoses.
野生储存宿主群体中的人畜共患病通常集中发生，遵循巴甫洛夫斯基的“自然巢穴性”规则。一个明显的例子似乎是玻利维亚出血热（BHF），这是一种在玻利维亚东北部流行的疾病。病原体是马丘波病毒（MACV，沙粒病毒科）。30年前确定的脊椎动物储存宿主是南美栗鼠，一种在南美洲东南部低地开阔生物群落中常见的野生啮齿动物。MACV的出现与其啮齿动物宿主范围之间缺乏一致性，这让许多研究人员感到困惑，并且可以作为自然巢穴性的一个例证。在这里，我们表明，负责维持和传播MACV的啮齿动物群体是一个独立的单系谱系，与南美洲其他地区的不同。因此，对宿主物种系统学的更清晰理解解释了BHF明显的自然巢穴性。类似的研究可能会为其他人畜共患病提供信息。
