Onçağ O, Hoşgör M, Hilmioğlu S, Zekioğlu O, Eronat C, Burhanoğlu D
Department of Pedodontics, Dental Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Int Endod J. 2003 Jun;36(6):423-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00673.x.
To compare the antibacterial properties and toxicity of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate plus 0.2% cetrimide (Cetrexidin); Vebas, San Giuliano, Milan, Italy).
The antibacterial effects of the irrigants in vitro were examined after 5 min and 48 h in freshly extracted human teeth with single roots, whose canals were infected by Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. In a separate in vivo study, bacterial culture samples were collected before treatment from the infected root canals of deciduous teeth containing necrotic pulp tissue. Irrigants were used to clean the canals which were then left empty for 48 h. Aerobic/facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth were compared before and 48 h after irrigation. Finally, the toxic effects of the irrigants were assessed by injecting them into the subcutaneous tissues of rats. The inflammatory reactions that occurred 2 h, 48 h and 2 weeks after the injections were evaluated.
In the laboratory study, the 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and Cetrexidin were significantly more effective on E. faecalis than the 5.25% NaOCl at 5 min (P < 0.05). Similarly, in the in vivo study, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and Cetrexidin were significantly more effective on anaerobic bacteria than the 5.25% NaOCl at 48 h (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 weeks, the toxicity of the NaOCl solution was greater than that of the other irrigants (P < 0.05).
Cetrexidin and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate were more effective, and had more residual antibacterial effects and lower toxicity than 5.25% NaOCl solution.
比较5.25%次氯酸钠（NaOCl）、2%葡萄糖酸氯己定和0.2%葡萄糖酸氯己定加0.2%西曲溴铵（西曲碘铵）的抗菌性能和毒性（意大利米兰圣朱利亚诺的韦巴斯）。
在体外，对根管被粪肠球菌ATCC 29212感染的新鲜拔除的单根人牙，分别在5分钟和48小时后检查冲洗剂的抗菌效果。在另一项体内研究中，从含有坏死牙髓组织的乳牙感染根管中，在治疗前收集细菌培养样本。使用冲洗剂清洁根管，然后保持空置48小时。比较冲洗前和冲洗后48小时需氧/兼性厌氧和厌氧细菌的生长情况。最后，通过将冲洗剂注射到大鼠皮下组织来评估其毒性作用。评估注射后2小时、48小时和2周出现的炎症反应。
在实验室研究中，在5分钟时，2%葡萄糖酸氯己定和西曲碘铵对粪肠球菌的效果明显优于5.25% NaOCl（P < 0.05）。同样，在体内研究中，在48小时时，2%葡萄糖酸氯己定和西曲碘铵对厌氧菌的效果明显优于5.25% NaOCl（P < 0.05）。在2周结束时，NaOCl溶液的毒性大于其他冲洗剂（P < 0.05）。
与5.25% NaOCl溶液相比，西曲碘铵和2%葡萄糖酸氯己定更有效，具有更强的残余抗菌作用且毒性更低。
