Lafortuna C L, Resnik M, Galvani C, Sartorio A
Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, C.N.R., Segrate, Milano, Italy.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2003 Mar;26(3):197-205. doi: 10.1007/BF03345157.
The purpose of the present study was to compare aerobic, anaerobic and strength performance changes induced by two short-term (3-week) body mass reduction programs based on the same low-calory diet (1200-1500 kcal/day), nutritional education and psychological counseling, but entailing different exercise training protocols. An individualized, low-volume and moderate-intensity exercise training (IET) was contrasted with a non-specific, high-volume, low-intensity exercise training (NET). Thirty obese in-patients (12 males, 18 females; mean age +/- SD: 33.9 +/- 9.4 yr, range: 19-51yr; mean BMI: 40.5 +/- 3.8 kg/m2, range: 35.3-51.4 kg/m2) were randomly divided in two gender-matched groups of 15 subjects each undergoing a different exercise training protocol. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) determined with a submaximal indirect test on a bicycle ergometer, lower limb maximum power output (W(max)) determined with the jumping method, global motor capabilities determined by analysis of locomotor pattern during a short (8 m) running, maximum strength (1-RM) of upper and lower limb muscle groups determined with isotonic machines were tested before and after the program. Adherence to an individual exercise activity and maintenance of body weight (bw) loss were evaluated with a telephonic interview 6 months after the completion of the program. In both groups a significant (p < 0.001) and comparable weight loss was observed (IET: -4.27%; NET: -4.17%). In both groups VO2max and W(max) increased significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) when expressed relatively to body mass, while in absolute terms they were significantly (p < 0.001) improved only in IET group. 1-RM in all tested muscle groups was significantly increased in both IET and NET subjects (p < 0.001-0.01), but improvements were significantly greater in IET as compared with NET (p < 0.05-0.001). The analysis of locomotor pattern during the short running indicated that IET subjects significantly improved their global motor capabilities (p < 0.05-0.001), while no change was observed in NET group. After 6 months, IET subjects reported a level of spontaneously chosen physical activity significantly higher (p < 0.05) than NET subjects, displaying a trend of further decrease in bw. It was concluded that, although no difference in bw loss was appreciated between the two studied groups and significant improvements were found also in subjects performing NET protocol, the IET protocol offers better overall results in terms of muscle performance and physical fitness, with a possibly stronger motivation to subsequent exercise activity.
本研究的目的是比较基于相同低热量饮食（1200 - 1500千卡/天）、营养教育和心理咨询，但采用不同运动训练方案的两个短期（3周）体重减轻计划所引起的有氧、无氧和力量表现变化。将个体化、低运动量和中等强度运动训练（IET）与非特异性、高运动量、低强度运动训练（NET）进行对比。30名肥胖住院患者（12名男性，18名女性；平均年龄±标准差：33.9±9.4岁，范围：19 - 51岁；平均BMI：40.5±3.8千克/平方米，范围：35.3 - 51.4千克/平方米）被随机分为两个性别匹配的组，每组15名受试者，分别接受不同的运动训练方案。在该计划前后，通过自行车测力计上的次极量间接测试测定最大摄氧量（VO2max），通过跳跃法测定下肢最大功率输出（W(max)），通过分析短距离（8米）跑步时的运动模式测定整体运动能力，通过等张器械测定上下肢肌肉群的最大力量（1-RM）。在计划完成6个月后，通过电话访谈评估个体运动活动的依从性和体重（bw）减轻的维持情况。两组均观察到显著的（p < 0.001）且相当的体重减轻（IET组：-4.27%；NET组：-4.17%）。当以相对于体重表示时，两组的VO2max和W(max)均显著增加（p < 0.05 - 0.001），而绝对数值上仅IET组有显著（p < 0.001）改善。IET组和NET组受试者所有测试肌肉群的1-RM均显著增加（p < 0.001 - 0.01），但IET组的改善明显大于NET组（p < 0.05 - 0.001）。短距离跑步时运动模式的分析表明，IET组受试者的整体运动能力显著提高（p < 0.05 - 0.001），而NET组未观察到变化。6个月后，IET组受试者报告的自发选择的身体活动水平显著高于NET组受试者（p < 0.05），呈现出bw进一步下降的趋势。得出的结论是，虽然两个研究组在bw减轻方面没有差异，并且进行NET方案的受试者也有显著改善，但就肌肉表现和身体素质而言，IET方案提供了更好的总体结果，对后续运动活动可能有更强的动机。
