Taupitz M, Schmitz S, Hamm B
Institut für Radiologie, Charité, Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Rofo. 2003 Jun;175(6):752-65. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-39935.
A wide range of applications for superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles as contrast media for MRI has emerged over the last 15 years. SPIO particles can be manufactured with different particle sizes and surface coatings. Large SPIO particles (50-150 nm) predominantly produce a signal decrease or T2 -shortening and are used as contrast media for MRI of the liver and spleen. They have a high accuracy, especially in detecting liver metastases (approved for clinical use: AMI-25 (Endorem or Ferridex), SHU-555A (Resovist)). Smaller particles (about 20 nm in diameter) show a different organ distribution and have a potential for improving noninvasive lymph node assessment or characterizing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (in clinical trials: AMI-227 [Sinerem or Combidex]). Particles with an optimized T1-relaxivity and prolonged intravascular circulation time can be used as blood pool contrast media for MR angiography. The currently investigated indications are MR angiography of the trunk, peripheral vessels, and coronary arteries (e.g., SHU-555 C (Supravist), VSOP-C 184). Other applications of small SPIO particles include MRI of the bone marrow and the determination of perfusion parameters in tumors or other tissues like the myocardium. SPIO particles with a modified coat can be used in so-called molecular imaging, such as receptor-directed imaging, cell labeling for in-vivo monitoring of cell migration, e.g., stem cell labeling, and labeling of gene constructs for localization in genetic therapy. In tumor therapy SPIO particles can serve as mediators for hyperthermia. SPIO is a powerful MR contrast medium with manifold applications ranging from diagnostic imaging to molecular medicine.
在过去15年中，超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）颗粒作为磁共振成像（MRI）造影剂出现了广泛的应用。SPIO颗粒可以制成不同的粒径和表面涂层。大粒径SPIO颗粒（50 - 150纳米）主要产生信号降低或T2缩短，用作肝脏和脾脏MRI的造影剂。它们具有很高的准确性，尤其是在检测肝转移方面（已批准临床使用：AMI - 25（Endorem或Ferridex），SHU - 555A（Resovist））。较小的颗粒（直径约20纳米）显示出不同的器官分布，具有改善无创淋巴结评估或表征易损动脉粥样硬化斑块的潜力（处于临床试验阶段：AMI - 227 [Sinerem或Combidex]）。具有优化T1弛豫率和延长血管内循环时间的颗粒可用作磁共振血管造影的血池造影剂。目前正在研究的适应症是躯干、外周血管和冠状动脉的磁共振血管造影（例如，SHU - 555 C（Supravist），VSOP - C 184）。小粒径SPIO颗粒的其他应用包括骨髓MRI以及肿瘤或其他组织（如心肌）灌注参数的测定。具有修饰涂层的SPIO颗粒可用于所谓的分子成像，如受体导向成像、用于体内监测细胞迁移的细胞标记（例如干细胞标记）以及用于基因治疗中定位的基因构建体标记。在肿瘤治疗中，SPIO颗粒可作为热疗的介质。SPIO是一种强大的MR造影剂，具有从诊断成像到分子医学的多种应用。
