Farnsworth Emma, Luscombe Natalie D, Noakes Manny, Wittert Gary, Argyiou Eleni, Clifton Peter M
Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jul;78(1):31-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.1.31.
It is not clear whether varying the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio of weight-loss diets benefits body composition or metabolism.
The objective was to compare the effects of 2 weight-loss diets differing in protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, and markers of bone turnover.
A parallel design included either a high-protein diet of meat, poultry, and dairy foods (HP diet: 27% of energy as protein, 44% as carbohydrate, and 29% as fat) or a standard-protein diet low in those foods (SP diet: 16% of energy as protein, 57% as carbohydrate, and 27% as fat) during 12 wk of energy restriction (6-6.3 MJ/d) and 4 wk of energy balance ( approximately 8.2 MJ/d). Fifty-seven overweight volunteers with fasting insulin concentrations > 12 mU/L completed the study.
Weight loss (7.9 +/- 0.5 kg) and total fat loss (6.9 +/- 0.4 kg) did not differ between diet groups. In women, total lean mass was significantly (P = 0.02) better preserved with the HP diet (-0.1 +/- 0.3 kg) than with the SP diet (-1.5 +/- 0.3 kg). Those fed the HP diet had significantly (P < 0.03) less glycemic response at weeks 0 and 16 than did those fed the SP diet. After weight loss, the glycemic response decreased significantly (P < 0.05) more in the HP diet group. The reduction in serum triacylglycerol concentrations was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the HP diet group (23%) than in the SP diet group (10%). Markers of bone turnover, calcium excretion, and systolic blood pressure were unchanged.
Replacing carbohydrate with protein from meat, poultry, and dairy foods has beneficial metabolic effects and no adverse effects on markers of bone turnover or calcium excretion.
减肥饮食中蛋白质与碳水化合物的比例不同是否对身体成分或新陈代谢有益尚不清楚。
比较两种蛋白质与碳水化合物比例不同的减肥饮食对身体成分、糖脂代谢及骨转换标志物的影响。
采用平行设计，在12周能量限制期（6 - 6.3兆焦/天）和4周能量平衡期（约8.2兆焦/天），一组食用富含肉、禽、奶制品的高蛋白饮食（高蛋白饮食：能量的27%为蛋白质，44%为碳水化合物，29%为脂肪），另一组食用这些食物含量低的标准蛋白饮食（标准蛋白饮食：能量的16%为蛋白质，57%为碳水化合物，27%为脂肪）。57名空腹胰岛素浓度>12毫国际单位/升的超重志愿者完成了该研究。
饮食组间体重减轻（7.9±0.5千克）和总脂肪减少量（6.9±0.4千克）无差异。在女性中，高蛋白饮食组（-0.1±0.3千克）比标准蛋白饮食组（-1.5±0.3千克）能更显著地（P = 0.02）保留总体瘦体重。与标准蛋白饮食组相比，食用高蛋白饮食组在第0周和第16周时血糖反应显著更低（P < 0.03）。减肥后，高蛋白饮食组的血糖反应下降更显著（P < 0.05）。高蛋白饮食组血清三酰甘油浓度的降低幅度（23%）显著大于标准蛋白饮食组（10%）（P < 0.05）。骨转换标志物、钙排泄及收缩压未发生变化。
用肉、禽、奶制品中的蛋白质替代碳水化合物具有有益的代谢作用，且对骨转换标志物或钙排泄无不良影响。
