Ludvigsson Jonas F
Paediatric Department, Orebro University Hospital, 701 85 Orebro, Sweden.
BMC Pediatr. 2003 Jun 22;3:5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-3-5.
Recent ecological research from Latin America has shown that infant health could be promoted through exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-3 months and partial breastfeeding throughout the remainder of infancy.
In a cross-sectional study in 1995, the author interviewed 518 mothers with infants leq; 1 year in La Paz, Bolivia, to describe the breastfeeding pattern and its determinants including socio-economic, religious and ethnic background.
The rate of any breastfeeding remained above 85% during the first year. Exclusive breastfeeding rates fell from 89% at one week of age to 45% as early as one month of age, and then gradually declined to 20-25% in 6-month-old infants. The overall exclusive breastfeeding rate in infants < 4 months was 46% (n = 246). The use of prelacteal feeds (p < 0.0001, n = 436), not feeding the infant colostrum (p = 0.0008, n = 436), and Latin ethnicity (p = 0.0091, n = 436) were associated with a shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Rural mothers were four times more likely to discard the colostrum than urban mothers (p = 0.0110, n = 501). Actual exclusive breastfeeding duration was shorter than what the mothers reported to be the ideal duration of exclusive breastfeeding for the infant.
The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Bolivian infants fell rapidly during the first months of life. Avoidance of prelacteal feeding and use of colostrum were associated with improved breastfeeding patterns.
拉丁美洲最近的生态学研究表明，对0至3个月大的婴儿进行纯母乳喂养，并在婴儿期的其余时间进行部分母乳喂养，可以促进婴儿健康。
在1995年的一项横断面研究中，作者采访了玻利维亚拉巴斯518名婴儿年龄≤1岁的母亲，以描述母乳喂养模式及其决定因素，包括社会经济、宗教和种族背景。
第一年任何形式的母乳喂养率均保持在85%以上。纯母乳喂养率从出生一周时的89%降至出生一个月时的45%，随后在6个月大的婴儿中逐渐降至20%-25%。4个月以下婴儿的总体纯母乳喂养率为46%（n = 246）。使用初乳前喂养（p < 0.0001，n = 436）、不给婴儿喂初乳（p = 0.0008，n = 436）和拉丁族裔（p = 0.0091，n = 436）与纯母乳喂养持续时间较短有关。农村母亲丢弃初乳的可能性是城市母亲的四倍（p = 0.0110，n = 501）。实际纯母乳喂养持续时间短于母亲报告的婴儿理想纯母乳喂养持续时间。
玻利维亚婴儿的纯母乳喂养率在生命的头几个月迅速下降。避免初乳前喂养和使用初乳与改善母乳喂养模式有关。
