Jiang Lichen, Xu Ming, Xia Shunyao, Zhu Jiahui, Zhou Qi, Xu Luoyi, Shi Chuan, Wu Daxing
Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2023 Jun 12;15:1124731. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1124731. eCollection 2023.
The aging population is increasing, making it essential to have a standardized, convenient, and valid electronic memory test that can be accessed online for older people and caregivers. The electronic version of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) as a test with these advantages and its reliability and validity has not yet been tested. Thus, this study examined the reliability and validity of the electronic version of the HVLT-R in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people to provide a scientific basis for its future dissemination and use.
We included 1,925 healthy participants aged over 40, among whom 38 were retested after 3-6 months. In addition, 65 participants completed both the pad and paper-and-pencil versions of the HVLT-R (PAP-HVLT-R). We also recruited 42 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and 45 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. All participants completed the Pad-HVLT-R, the Hong Kong Brief Cognitive Test (HKBC), the Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), and the Logical Memory Test (LM).
(1) Reliability: the Cronbach's α value was 0.94, the split-half reliability was 0.96. The test-retest correlation coefficients were moderate, ranging from 0.38 to 0.65 for direct variables and 0.16 to 0.52 for derived variables; (2) Concurrent validity: the Pad-HVLT-R showed a moderate correlation with the HKBC and BVMT-R, with correlation coefficients between total recall of 0.41 and 0.54, and between long-delayed recall of 0.42 and 0.59, respectively. It also showed a high correlation with the LM, with correlation coefficients of 0.72 for total recall and 0.62 for long-delayed recall; (3) Convergent validity: the Pad-HVLT-R was moderately correlated with the PAP version, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.29 to 0.53 for direct variables and 0.15 to 0.43 for derived variables; (4) Discriminant capacity: the Pad-HVLT-R was effective in differentiating AD patients, as demonstrated by the ROC analysis with AUC values of 0.834 and 0.934 for total recall and long-delayed recall, respectively.
(1) The electronic version of HVLT-R has good reliability and validity in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people; (2) The electronic version of HVLT-R can be used as an effective tool to distinguish AD patients from healthy people.
老龄化人口不断增加，因此拥有一项标准化、便捷且有效的电子记忆测试至关重要，该测试可供老年人及护理人员在线使用。霍普金斯词语学习测验修订版（HVLT-R）的电子版具备这些优势，但其可靠性和有效性尚未得到验证。因此，本研究检验了HVLT-R电子版在中国中老年人中的可靠性和有效性，为其未来的推广和应用提供科学依据。
我们纳入了1925名40岁以上的健康参与者，其中38人在3至6个月后进行了重新测试。此外，65名参与者同时完成了HVLT-R的平板电脑版和纸笔版（PAP-HVLT-R）。我们还招募了42名阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者和45名遗忘型轻度认知障碍（aMCI）患者。所有参与者均完成了平板电脑版HVLT-R、香港简易认知测试（HKBC）、简易视觉记忆测试修订版（BVMT-R）和逻辑记忆测试（LM）。
（1）信度：克朗巴哈α值为0.94，分半信度为0.96。重测相关系数中等，直接变量的相关系数在0.38至0.65之间，衍生变量的相关系数在0.16至0.52之间；（2）同时效度：平板电脑版HVLT-R与HKBC和BVMT-R呈中等相关，总回忆的相关系数分别在0.41至0.54之间，长时延迟回忆的相关系数在0.42至0.59之间。它与LM也呈高度相关，总回忆的相关系数为0.72，长时延迟回忆的相关系数为0.62；（3）聚合效度：平板电脑版HVLT-R与纸笔版呈中等相关，直接变量的相关系数在0.29至0.53之间，衍生变量的相关系数在0.15至0.43之间；（4）判别能力：平板电脑版HVLT-R在区分AD患者方面有效，ROC分析表明，总回忆和长时延迟回忆的AUC值分别为0.834和0.934。
（1）HVLT-R电子版在中国中老年人中具有良好的可靠性和有效性；（2）HVLT-R电子版可作为区分AD患者与健康人的有效工具。
