Mills Marc A, Bonner James S, McDonald Thomas J, Page Cheryl A, Autenrieth Robin L
Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2003 Jul;46(7):887-99. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00367-3.
Following the 1994 San Jacinto River flood and oil spill in southeast Texas, a petroleum-contaminated wetland was reserved for a long-term research program to evaluate bioremediation as a viable spill response tool. The first phase of this program, presented in this paper, evaluated the intrinsic biodegradation of petroleum in the contaminated wetland. Sediment samples from six test plots were collected 11 times over an 11-month period to assess the temporal and spatial petroleum concentrations. Petroleum concentrations were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses of specific target compounds normalized to the conservative biological marker, C(30)17alpha,21beta(H)-hopane. The analyses of specific target compounds were able to characterize that significant petroleum biodegradation had occurred at the site over the one-year period. Total resolved saturate and total resolved aromatic hydrocarbon data indicated the petroleum was degraded more than 95%. In addition, first-order biodegradation rate constants were calculated for the hopane-normalized target compounds and supported expected biodegradation patterns. The rapid degradation rates of the petroleum hydrocarbons are attributed to conditions favorable to biodegradation. Elevated nutrient levels from the flood deposition and the unconsolidated nature of the freshly deposited sediment possibly provided a nutrient rich, oxic environment. Additionally, it is suggested that an active and capable microbial community was present due to prior exposure to petroleum. These factors provided an environment conducive for the rapid bioremediation of the petroleum in the contaminated wetland.
1994年德克萨斯州东南部圣哈辛托河洪水及石油泄漏事件后，一片受石油污染的湿地被预留用于一项长期研究项目，以评估生物修复作为一种可行的泄漏应对工具。本文介绍的该项目第一阶段，评估了受污染湿地中石油的自然生物降解情况。在11个月的时间里，从六个试验地块采集了11次沉积物样本，以评估石油浓度的时间和空间变化。通过气相色谱 - 质谱仪分析特定目标化合物，并将其归一化为保守的生物标志物C(30)17α,21β(H)-藿烷，来评估石油浓度。特定目标化合物的分析能够表明，在一年时间里该场地发生了显著的石油生物降解。总分辨饱和烃和总分辨芳烃数据表明石油降解率超过95%。此外，还计算了藿烷归一化目标化合物的一级生物降解速率常数，其结果支持了预期的生物降解模式。石油烃的快速降解率归因于有利于生物降解的条件。洪水沉积带来的营养水平升高以及新沉积沉积物的疏松性质，可能提供了一个营养丰富的有氧环境。此外，由于之前接触过石油，推测存在一个活跃且有能力的微生物群落。这些因素为受污染湿地中石油的快速生物修复提供了有利环境。
