Panteleyev Andrey A, Mitchell Pamela J, Paus Ralf, Christiano Angela M
Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Jul;121(1):13-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12319.x.
AP-2alpha is a member of a family of transcription factors expressed in cells of the epithelial and neural crest lineage. AP-2alpha plays an essential role in embryonic development and in regulation of epithelial gene transcription. To further characterize the role of AP-2alpha in skin biology, we assessed its expression in the skin of C57BL/6J mice during defined stages of hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. During early hair follicle morphogenesis, AP-2alpha was upregulated in the epidermal placode, in the basal keratinocytes of the hair follicle bud, and then in the inner root sheath. The follicular papilla cells underwent a brief upregulation of AP-2alpha expression during the initiation of hair shaft formation and active hair follicle downward growth. Completion of hair follicle morphogenesis was associated with a marked reduction of AP-2alpha immunoreactivity in the lower portion of the hair follicle including both epithelial and mesenchymal compartments. In adolescent mouse skin, consistently strong AP-2alpha expression was found in the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis, in the hair follicle infundibulum, and in the sebocytes. In the follicular papilla, AP-2alpha was weakly expressed in telogen, significantly upregulated in early anagen, then gradually declined, and reappeared again in middle catagen. In the inner root sheaths, AP-2alpha expression was detected during early and middle anagen and during middle catagen stages. Prominent AP-2alpha expression was also seen in the zone of club hair formation. Therefore, AP-2alpha upregulation in both epithelial and mesenchymal hair follicle compartments was coordinated with initiation of major remodeling processes. Our findings support the use of the hair follicle as a model to explore the role of AP-2alpha in physiologic remodeling of developing organs and in reciprocal ectodermal-mesenchymal interactions.
AP - 2α是转录因子家族的成员之一，在上皮细胞和神经嵴谱系的细胞中表达。AP - 2α在胚胎发育以及上皮基因转录调控中发挥着重要作用。为了进一步阐明AP - 2α在皮肤生物学中的作用，我们评估了其在C57BL / 6J小鼠毛囊形态发生和周期性变化的特定阶段皮肤中的表达情况。在毛囊早期形态发生过程中，AP - 2α在表皮基板、毛囊芽的基底角质形成细胞中上调，随后在内根鞘中上调。在毛干形成起始和活跃的毛囊向下生长过程中，毛囊乳头细胞经历了AP - 2α表达的短暂上调。毛囊形态发生完成与毛囊下部包括上皮和间充质部分的AP - 2α免疫反应性显著降低相关。在青春期小鼠皮肤中，在表皮的基底角质形成细胞、毛囊漏斗部和皮脂腺细胞中持续发现强AP - 2α表达。在毛囊乳头中，AP - 2α在休止期弱表达，在生长期早期显著上调，然后逐渐下降，并在退行期中期再次出现。在内根鞘中，在生长期早期和中期以及退行期中期检测到AP - 2α表达。在杵状毛形成区域也可见明显的AP - 2α表达。因此，上皮和间充质毛囊部分中AP - 2α的上调与主要重塑过程的起始相协调。我们的研究结果支持将毛囊作为模型来探索AP - 2α在发育器官的生理重塑以及外胚层 - 间充质相互作用中的作用。
