Murtoniemi Timo, Nevalainen Aino, Hirvonen Maija-Riitta
National Public Health Institute, Department of Environmental Health, PO Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jul;69(7):3751-7. doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.7.3751-3757.2003.
The effects of plasterboard composition on the growth and sporulation of Stachybotrys chartarum as well as on the inflammatory potential of the spores were studied. S. chartarum was grown on 13 modified plasterboards under saturated humidity conditions. The biomass was estimated by measuring the ergosterol content of the S. chartarum culture while the spore-induced cytotoxicity and production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 in mouse macrophages was used to illustrate the bioactivity of spores. The ergosterol content of S. chartarum correlated with the number of spores collected from plasterboards. The growth and sporulation decreased compared to that of the reference board in those cases where (i) the liner was treated with biocide, (ii) starch was removed from the plasterboard, or (iii) desulfurization gypsum was used in the core. Spores collected from all the plasterboards were toxic to the macrophages. The biocide added to the core did not reduce the growth; in fact, the spores collected from that board evoked the highest cytotoxicity. The conventional additives used in the core had inhibitory effects on growth. Recycled plasterboards used in the core and the board lacking the starch triggered spore-induced TNF-alpha production in macrophages. In summary, this study shows that the growth of a strain of S. chartarum on plasterboard and the subsequent bioactivity of spores were affected by minor changes to the composition of the core or liners, but it could not be totally prevented without resorting to the use of biocides. However, incomplete prevention of microbial growth by biocides even increased the cytotoxic potential of the spores.
研究了石膏板成分对炭疽杆菌生长和孢子形成的影响，以及对孢子炎症潜力的影响。在饱和湿度条件下，将炭疽杆菌接种在13种改良石膏板上进行培养。通过测量炭疽杆菌培养物中的麦角固醇含量来估计生物量，同时利用小鼠巨噬细胞中孢子诱导的细胞毒性以及一氧化氮（NO）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6的产生来阐明孢子的生物活性。炭疽杆菌的麦角固醇含量与从石膏板收集的孢子数量相关。在以下情况下，与参考板相比，生长和孢子形成有所下降：（i）衬里用杀菌剂处理；（ii）从石膏板中去除淀粉；或（iii）在芯材中使用脱硫石膏。从所有石膏板收集的孢子对巨噬细胞有毒性。添加到芯材中的杀菌剂并没有降低生长；事实上，从该板收集的孢子引起了最高的细胞毒性。芯材中使用的传统添加剂对生长有抑制作用。芯材中使用的回收石膏板和不含淀粉的板引发了巨噬细胞中孢子诱导的TNF-α产生。总之，本研究表明，炭疽杆菌菌株在石膏板上的生长以及随后孢子的生物活性受到芯材或衬里成分微小变化的影响，但如果不使用杀菌剂则无法完全防止。然而，杀菌剂对微生物生长的不完全预防甚至增加了孢子的细胞毒性潜力。
