Szénási Zsuzsanna, Vass Adám, Melles Márta, Kucsera István, Danka József, Csohán Agnes, Krisztalovics Katalin
Johan Béla Országos Epidemiológiai Központ, Parazitológiai Osztály, Budapest.
Orv Hetil. 2003 May 25;144(21):1011-8.
Malaria was an endemic disease in Hungary for many centuries. A country-wide survey of the epidemiologic situation on malaria started in the year of 1927. That was done by the Department of Parasitology of the Royal State Institute of Hygiene (presently: Johan Béla National Center for Epidemiology). The notification of malaria was made compulsory in 1930. Free of charge laboratory examination of the blood of persons suffering from malaria or suspected of an infection have been carried out. Anti-malarial drugs were also distributed free of charge, together with appropriate medical advise given at the anti-malarial sanitary stations. Between 1933 and 1943, the actual number of malaria cases was estimated as high as 10-100,000 per year. The major breakthrough came in 1949 by the organized antimalarial campaign applying DDT for mosquito eradication. The drastic reduction of the vectors resulted in the rapid decline of malaria cases. Since 1956, there have not been reported any indigenous case in Hungary. In 1963, Hungary entered on the Official Register of the WHO to the areas where malaria eradication has been achieved. During the period of 1963-2001, 169 Hungarians acquired the malaria in abroad and 263 foreigners infected in abroad were registered in Hungary. More than half of the cases (230) were caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Further 178 cases were caused by Plasmodium vivax and 24 cases by other Plasmodium species. During that period, 7 fatal cases were reported (Plasmodium falciparum). The expansion of migration (both the increase of the number of foreigners travelling into Hungary and of Hungarians travelling abroad) favours to the appearance of imported cases. Attention is called of all the persons travelling to malaria endemic countries to the importance of malaria prevention by the International Vaccination Stations located in the National Center for Epidemiology and in the Public Health Institutes of 19 counties and of Budapest. The Johan Béla National Center for Epidemiology issued a protocol in 2001, the title of which is: "Antimalarial defence". This helps the information activity of the International Vaccination Stations. To prevent malaria infections, systemic mosquito eradication is organized and supervised by the Office of the Chief Medical Officer at the touristically important areas in the summer season.
疟疾在匈牙利曾是一种地方病，持续了许多世纪。1927年，由皇家国家卫生研究所寄生虫学部（现为：约翰·贝拉国家流行病学中心）开展了一项全国范围的疟疾流行病学情况调查。1930年，疟疾报告成为强制性要求。对疟疾患者或疑似感染者的血液进行了免费实验室检查。抗疟药物也免费发放，并在抗疟卫生站提供适当的医疗建议。1933年至1943年间，估计每年实际疟疾病例数高达10万至100,000例。1949年出现了重大突破，开展了有组织的抗疟运动，使用滴滴涕消灭蚊子。媒介数量的急剧减少导致疟疾病例迅速下降。自1956年以来，匈牙利未报告过任何本土病例。1963年，匈牙利被列入世界卫生组织已实现疟疾根除的地区官方登记册。在1963年至2001年期间，有169名匈牙利人在国外感染疟疾，263名在国外感染的外国人在匈牙利登记。超过一半的病例（230例）由恶性疟原虫引起。另有178例由间日疟原虫引起，24例由其他疟原虫种类引起。在此期间，报告了7例死亡病例（恶性疟原虫）。移民的增加（外国前往匈牙利的人数以及匈牙利人出国旅行人数的增加）有利于输入性病例的出现。国家流行病学中心和19个县及布达佩斯公共卫生机构的国际疫苗接种站提醒所有前往疟疾流行国家的人注意疟疾预防的重要性。约翰·贝拉国家流行病学中心于2001年发布了一份协议，标题为：“抗疟防御”。这有助于国际疫苗接种站的宣传活动。为预防疟疾感染，夏季在旅游重要地区由首席医疗官办公室组织和监督系统性灭蚊工作。
