Mirmiran Parvin, Mohammadi Fatemeh, Allahverdian Sima, Azizi Fereidoun
Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2003 May;73(3):193-200. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.73.3.193.
This study was conducted to determine the energy intake of adult residents of district 13 of Tehran and compare the results with their energy requirements.
In this cross-sectional study, 403 subjects were selected by random sampling, including 145 men and 151 women aged 25-50 years and 57 men and 50 women over 50 years old in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).
Height, body weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Mean energy requirements for each sex-age group were estimated by multiplying specific coefficients (allocated to each group) by body weight and resting energy expenditure (REE), and the results of both methods were compared with mean energy values recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Dietary assessment was performed by 48-hour diet recall. A ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate lower than 1.27 was considered as under-reporting. Physical activity was evaluated by standard questionnaire of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC).
Women were significantly more overweight and obese than men (p < 0.001) and older women were more obese than younger ones (p < 0.05). Only one-third of the study population had adequate physical activity. Women had significantly lower physical activity than men (p < 0.01). Energy requirements for both age and sex groups were lower than recommended daily allowances for energy: men 25-50; 2576 vs. 2900; men > 50: 2155 vs. 2300; women 20-50: 2045 vs. 2200 and women > 50: 1817 vs. 1900 kilocalories (kcal). Reported energy intake of men was higher and that of women was lower than the RDA. Forty percent of women and 14% of men under-reported their energy intake.
The energy requirement of the average Tehranian is lower than daily allowances; conditions of obesity and overweight are more prevalent in women. There is high frequency of under-reporting of energy intake in women. Lifestyle modifications to improve dietary habits and to increase physical activity are recommended to decrease overweight and obesity in urban population of Tehran.
本研究旨在确定德黑兰第13区成年居民的能量摄入量，并将结果与他们的能量需求进行比较。
在这项横断面研究中，通过随机抽样选取了403名受试者，包括德黑兰血脂与血糖研究（TLGS）框架下25至50岁的145名男性和151名女性，以及50岁以上的57名男性和50名女性。
测量身高、体重、腰围和臀围，并计算体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）。通过将特定系数（分配给每个组）乘以体重和静息能量消耗（REE）来估计每个性别年龄组的平均能量需求，并将两种方法的结果与联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）/世界卫生组织（WHO）以及美国推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）建议的平均能量值进行比较。通过48小时饮食回顾进行膳食评估。能量摄入量与基础代谢率之比低于1.27被视为报告不足。通过脂质研究诊所（LRC）的标准问卷评估身体活动。
女性超重和肥胖的比例显著高于男性（p < 0.001），年龄较大的女性比年轻女性更肥胖（p < 0.05）。只有三分之一的研究人群有足够的身体活动。女性的身体活动明显低于男性（p < 0.01）。两个年龄和性别的能量需求均低于推荐的每日能量摄入量：25至50岁男性为2576千卡对2900千卡；50岁以上男性为2155千卡对2300千卡；20至50岁女性为2045千卡对2200千卡；50岁以上女性为1817千卡对1900千卡。报告的男性能量摄入量高于RDA，女性低于RDA。40%的女性和14%的男性报告的能量摄入量不足。
德黑兰人的平均能量需求低于每日摄入量；肥胖和超重情况在女性中更为普遍。女性中能量摄入量报告不足的频率较高。建议改变生活方式以改善饮食习惯并增加身体活动，以减少德黑兰城市人口的超重和肥胖。
