Mirmiran P, Mohammadi F, Sarbazi N, Allahverdian S, Azizi F
Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Apr;13(2):64-71. doi: 10.1016/s0939-4753(03)80020-0.
In order to investigate gender differences in health indices, dietary intakes and obesity in urban Iranian adults, we considered a sub-sample of the adult population of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
The randomly selected sub-sample consisted of 483 subjects aged 25-50 years (229 men and 254 women) and 153 aged more than 50 years (81 men and 72 women). Their anthropometrical variables were recorded, and their body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were calculated. Dietary intake was assessed by means of two-day dietary recall and the completion of dietary habit questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. Underreporting was defined as a ratio of energy intake (EI)/basal metabolic rate (BMR) < 1.27. The mean BMI of the women in both age groups was significantly higher than that of the men (p < 0.05). Central obesity was more frequent in the women and among older subjects. The women had higher plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Underreporting of EI was more frequent in the women than the men: 34.0% vs 15.4% in the younger group, and 40.3% vs 17.3% in the older group (p < 0.01). There were major gender differences in the mean daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, cholesterol, iron, calcium and phosphorus. A higher proportion of women met the cholesterol intake guidelines. Data from the dietary habit questionnaires showed that more men than women usually sprinkle salt on their food.
The results of this study partially support the hypothesis of gender differences in dietary intakes, and the prevalence of obesity and some health-related indices, and suggest the need for gender-specific, targeted nutrition messages and behavioural interventions in developing prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors.
为了研究伊朗城市成年人在健康指标、饮食摄入及肥胖方面的性别差异，我们选取了德黑兰血脂与血糖研究中成年人群的一个子样本。
随机选取的子样本包括483名年龄在25至50岁之间的受试者（229名男性和254名女性）以及153名年龄超过50岁的受试者（81名男性和72名女性）。记录他们的人体测量变量，并计算其体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比。通过两日饮食回顾以及在面对面访谈中完成饮食习惯问卷来评估饮食摄入情况。能量摄入不足定义为能量摄入量（EI）/基础代谢率（BMR）<1.27。两个年龄组女性的平均BMI均显著高于男性（p<0.05）。女性和老年受试者中中心性肥胖更为常见。女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血浆浓度较高，但总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较低。女性中能量摄入不足的情况比男性更常见：年轻组中分别为34.0%和15.4%，老年组中分别为40.3%和17.3%（p<0.01）。在能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、纤维、胆固醇、铁、钙和磷的每日平均摄入量方面存在主要的性别差异。达到胆固醇摄入指南的女性比例更高。饮食习惯问卷的数据显示，通常在食物上撒盐的男性比女性更多。
本研究结果部分支持了饮食摄入、肥胖患病率及一些健康相关指标存在性别差异的假设，并表明在制定心血管危险因素预防策略时需要有针对性别的营养信息和行为干预措施。
