Pływaczewski Robert, Wu Tian Yi, Wang Xiano Qin, Cheng Haui Wei, Sliwiński Paweł Siwiski, Zieliński Jan
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Plocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2003 Jul 16;136(2-3):187-97. doi: 10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00081-8.
Tibetans are the oldest population living permanently at high altitude. They possess several adaptations to low oxygen pressure that improve oxygen transport. We hypothesised that native Tibetans have mechanisms allowing them to maintain a better sleep structure and oxygenation during sleep at high altitude than newcomers from lower altitudes acclimatised to living at high altitude. We studied eight healthy young Tibetans, aged 26+/-7 years, and six healthy young Han aged 30.5+/-4 years. All subjects were living on the Tibetan plateau at an altitude of around 4000 m. Investigations were performed in Xining at an altitude of 2261 m, PB=581 mmHg. Two full polysomnographies (PSG) were performed in a hypobaric chamber, one at the ambient altitude, the second during acute exposure to the simulated altitude of 5000 m (PB=405 mmHg). Both PSG were done on the same night using split night design. At 2261 m no differences in sleep structure, breathing pattern during sleep or oxygenation were found, except a higher number of arousals and awakenings in Han (P<0.002). At 5000 m Tibetans had a longer sleep time (P=0.002), shorter stage 1 non-REM sleep (P<0.001) and longer stage 2 non-REM sleep than Han (P<0.001). Tibetans showed a trend to have more periodic breathing (PB) and higher mean arterial blood saturation than Han (NS). Our data suggest that Tibetans preserved better sleep structure and arterial blood oxygenation than Han during acute exposure to the simulated altitude of 5000 m.
藏族是长期生活在高海拔地区的最古老人群。他们拥有多种适应低氧压力的机制，可改善氧气运输。我们推测，与从低海拔地区移居高海拔地区并已适应的汉族新人相比，土生土长的藏族人具有在高海拔睡眠期间维持更好睡眠结构和氧合作用的机制。我们研究了8名年龄在26±7岁的健康年轻藏族人和6名年龄在30.5±4岁的健康年轻汉族人。所有受试者均生活在海拔约4000米的青藏高原。研究在海拔2261米（PB = 581 mmHg）的西宁进行。在低压舱内进行了两次完整的多导睡眠图（PSG）检查，一次在环境海拔高度，另一次在急性暴露于模拟海拔5000米（PB = 405 mmHg）期间。两次PSG均在同一晚采用分段夜设计完成。在2261米处，未发现睡眠结构、睡眠期间呼吸模式或氧合作用存在差异，但汉族人的觉醒和醒来次数较多（P<0.002）。在5000米处，藏族人的睡眠时间更长（P = 0.002），非快速眼动睡眠第1阶段更短（P<0.001），非快速眼动睡眠第2阶段比汉族人更长（P<0.001）。藏族人比汉族人有更多周期性呼吸（PB）的趋势，且平均动脉血氧饱和度更高（无统计学意义）。我们的数据表明，在急性暴露于模拟海拔5000米期间，藏族人比汉族人保持了更好的睡眠结构和动脉血氧合作用。
