de Assis M A A, Nahas M V, Bellisle F, Kupek E
Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2003 Aug;16(4):283-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2003.00448.x.
To describe the food intake of garbage collectors, who works in three shifts, in terms of meal and snack frequency, content, time distribution and the contribution of various popular foods to the total diet.
Sixty-six Brazilian garbage collectors, who work in morning, afternoon, and night shift, participated in the present study. The quantitative methods used were a combination of one 24-h recall and two 24-h records during three nonconsecutive work days. The qualitative method used was the food-based classification of eating episodes model modified in order to define meals or snacks in three categories of events: meals with three food groups of high nutrient density (three HND meals), meals with two food groups of high nutrient density (two HND meals) and snacks, composed of only one food category of high nutrient density.
The total number of eating events per day was significantly higher for night shift workers. Over 24-h, 'two HND meals' were the most common events and contributed the most energy, in all three shifts. Night shift workers ate more at dawn and less in the morning than other shifts. In all three shifts, meat was the most important food contributing to energy intake.
Different work schedules did not affect the relative frequency of meal types and snacks or their contribution to daily energy intake, but affected the daily distribution of eating events, with a redistribution of intake from day to night in night shift workers.
从进餐和零食的频率、内容、时间分布以及各种常见食物对总饮食的贡献方面，描述从事三班倒工作的垃圾收集工的食物摄入量。
66名巴西垃圾收集工参与了本研究，他们分别上早班、中班和夜班。定量方法是在三个不连续工作日中结合一次24小时回忆法和两次24小时记录法。定性方法是对基于食物的进食事件分类模型进行修改，以便将进餐或零食定义为三类事件：包含三种高营养密度食物组的餐食（三顿高营养密度餐）、包含两种高营养密度食物组的餐食（两顿高营养密度餐）以及仅由一种高营养密度食物类别组成的零食。
夜班工人每天的进食事件总数显著更高。在24小时内，“两顿高营养密度餐”是最常见的事件，并且在所有三个班次中贡献的能量最多。夜班工人在黎明时进食更多，而在早晨比其他班次进食更少。在所有三个班次中，肉类是对能量摄入贡献最大的食物。
不同的工作时间表并未影响餐食类型和零食的相对频率或它们对每日能量摄入的贡献，但影响了进食事件的每日分布，夜班工人的摄入量从白天重新分配到了夜间。
