Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Behaviour Brain Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Australia.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Australia.
Ind Health. 2019 Aug 3;57(4):419-453. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0147. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Shiftwork leads to altered eating patterns, with workers often eating foods at all times across the 24 h period. Strategies to reduce the burden of shiftwork on the workers should be prioritised and altering these eating patterns is an important area for change. This narrative review examines the current evidence on the individual and environmental factors influencing the eating behaviours of shiftworkers. A systematic search was conducted and yielded 62 articles. These were split into four themes that influence eating patterns; When shiftworkers eat, What type of foods shiftworkers eat, Where the food is sourced from, and Why shiftworkers choose to eat on shift. Irregular working hours was the biggest influence on when workers ate on shift, shift-type was the biggest influence on what workers ate, the majority of food was sourced from canteens and cafeterias, and socialising with colleagues was the biggest reason why workers chose to eat. While more research is needed to explore multiple industries and shift-types, and to investigate the ideal size, type and timing of food on shift, this review has highlighted that future research into shiftworker eating needs to adopt an integrative approach and consider the different individual and social contexts that influence eating patterns.
轮班导致饮食习惯改变，工人经常在 24 小时内随时进食。应该优先考虑减轻轮班工作对工人的负担，改变这些饮食习惯是一个重要的变革领域。本综述性研究考察了影响轮班工人饮食行为的个体和环境因素的现有证据。进行了系统检索，得到了 62 篇文章。这些文章分为四个主题，分别是影响饮食模式的因素、轮班工人吃什么、食物的来源地以及轮班工人选择进食的原因。不规律的工作时间对工人在轮班时的进食时间影响最大，轮班类型对工人的进食种类影响最大，大部分食物来自食堂和自助餐厅，与同事社交是工人选择在轮班时进食的最大原因。虽然需要进一步研究来探索多个行业和轮班类型，并研究轮班时食物的理想大小、类型和时间，但本综述强调，未来对轮班工人饮食的研究需要采用综合方法，并考虑影响饮食模式的不同个体和社会背景。
