Tate Denise G, Pledger Constance
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls, Room NI2A09, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0491, USA.
Am Psychol. 2003 Apr;58(4):289-95. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.58.4.289.
Advances in research on disability and rehabilitation are essential to creating equal opportunity, economic self-sufficiency, and full participation for persons with disabilities. Historically, such initiatives have focused on separate and specific areas, including neuroscience, molecular biology and genetics, gerontology, engineering and physical sciences, and social and behavioral sciences. Research on persons with disabilities should examine the broader context and trends of society that affect the total environment of persons with disabilities. This article examines the various disability paradigms across time, assessing the relative contribution of the socioecological perspective in guiding research designed to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. The authors recommend new research directions that include a focus on life span issues, biomedicine, biotechnology, the efficacy and effectiveness of current interventions, an emphasis on consumer-driven investigations within a socioecological perspective of disability, and the implications for research and practice.
残疾与康复研究的进展对于为残疾人创造平等机会、经济自给自足及充分参与至关重要。从历史上看，此类举措一直聚焦于不同的特定领域，包括神经科学、分子生物学与遗传学、老年医学、工程学与物理科学以及社会与行为科学。对残疾人的研究应审视影响残疾人整体环境的更广泛社会背景和趋势。本文考察了不同时期的各种残疾范式，评估了社会生态视角在指导旨在改善残疾人生活的研究方面的相对贡献。作者们推荐了新的研究方向，包括关注生命周期问题、生物医学、生物技术、当前干预措施的效果和有效性，强调在残疾的社会生态视角内以消费者为导向的调查，以及对研究和实践的启示。
