Schmeichel Brandon J, Vohs Kathleen D, Baumeister Roy F
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7123, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Jul;85(1):33-46. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.1.33.
Some complex thinking requires active guidance by the self, but simpler mental activities do not. Depletion of the self's regulatory resources should therefore impair the former and not the latter. Resource depletion was manipulated by having some participants initially regulate attention (Studies 1 and 3) or emotion (Study 2). As compared with no-regulation participants who did not perform such exercises, depleted participants performed worse at logic and reasoning (Study 1), cognitive extrapolation (Study 2), and a test of thoughtful reading comprehension (Study 3). The same manipulations failed to cause decrements on a test of general knowledge (Study 2) or on memorization and recall of nonsense syllables (Study 3). Successful performance at complex thinking may therefore rely on limited regulatory resources.
一些复杂的思维需要自我的积极引导，但较简单的心理活动则不需要。因此，自我调节资源的耗尽应该会损害前者而非后者。通过让一些参与者最初调节注意力（研究1和3）或情绪（研究2）来操纵资源耗尽。与未进行此类练习的无调节参与者相比，资源耗尽的参与者在逻辑和推理（研究1）、认知外推（研究2）以及深度阅读理解测试（研究3）中的表现更差。相同的操纵未能导致常识测试（研究2）或无意义音节的记忆和回忆测试（研究3）成绩下降。因此，复杂思维的成功表现可能依赖于有限的调节资源。
