中国实习护士神经质与职业焦虑关系中感知压力和自我控制的系列多重中介作用：一项横断面问卷调查

Serial multiple mediation of perceived stress and self-control in the relationship between neuroticism and career anxiety among nursing interns in China: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.

作者信息

Zhang Jing, Zheng Wenkai, Yan Yan, Zheng Ee, Zhao Peipei, Feng Xiujuan, Zhu Shengrui, Zhang Qingqing

机构信息

Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.

School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.

出版信息

BMC Nurs. 2025 Mar 8;24(1):262. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-02924-1.

DOI:10.1186/s12912-025-02924-1

PMID:40057794

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11889875/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Nursing internship play a crucial role in cultivating nursing students. However, nursing interns often face challenges of career anxiety, which can have negative impacts on their professional development and work quality. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing career anxiety among nursing interns is important.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the serial multiple mediating effect of perceived stress and self-control in the relationship between neuroticism and career anxiety among nursing interns in China.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

METHODS

A total of 499 nursing interns from five tertiary hospitals in Xi'an, China, participated. Neuroticism, perceived stress, self-control, and career anxiety among nursing interns were assessed. Serial mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS Macro in SPSS. Statistical analyses included descriptive analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression with bootstrapping.

RESULTS

(1)Career anxiety was significantly and positively correlated with neuroticism (r = 0.384, p < 0.001) and perceived stress (r = 0.460, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with self-control (r = -0.570, p < 0.001). (2) Neuroticism positively predicted perceived stress (β = 0.385, p < 0.001). Both perceived stress and neuroticism, negatively predicted self-control (β = -0.237; β = -0.355, p < 0.001). Self-control negatively predicted career anxiety (β = -0.401, p < 0.001), while neuroticism and perceived stress positively predicted it (β = 0.149; β = 0.173, p < 0.001). (3) In the model of neuroticism → perceived stress → self-control → career anxiety, the total indirect effect was 0.216. The mediating effect of perceived stress accounted for 18.1% of the total effect (0.066), while self-control accounted for 26.0% (0.095). The serial mediation effect of perceived stress and self-control contributed 15.1% (0.055) to the total effect.

CONCLUSION

Neuroticism significantly predicts career anxiety, mediated by perceived stress and self-control. Higher neuroticism leads to increased stress, reduced self-control, and greater career anxiety. Interventions focusing on stress reduction and self-control enhancement may help mitigate career anxiety among nursing interns.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER

Not applicable.

摘要

背景

护理实习在培养护生方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，护理实习生经常面临职业焦虑的挑战，这可能会对他们的职业发展和工作质量产生负面影响。因此，了解影响护理实习生职业焦虑的因素很重要。

目的

本研究旨在探讨感知压力和自我控制在中国护理实习生神经质与职业焦虑关系中的系列多重中介作用。

设计

横断面研究。

方法

来自中国西安五家三级医院的499名护理实习生参与了研究。评估了护理实习生的神经质、感知压力、自我控制和职业焦虑。使用SPSS中的PROCESS宏进行系列中介分析。统计分析包括描述性分析、t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关性分析以及带有自抽样的回归分析。

结果

（1）职业焦虑与神经质（r = 0.384，p < 0.001）和感知压力（r = 0.460，p < 0.001）呈显著正相关，与自我控制（r = -0.570，p < 0.001）呈负相关。（2）神经质正向预测感知压力（β = 0.385，p < 0.001）。感知压力和神经质均负向预测自我控制（β = -0.237；β = -0.355，p < 0.001）。自我控制负向预测职业焦虑（β = -0.401，p < 0.001），而神经质和感知压力正向预测职业焦虑（β = 0.149；β = 0.173，p < 0.001）。（3）在神经质→感知压力→自我控制→职业焦虑的模型中，总间接效应为0.216。感知压力的中介效应占总效应的18.1%（0.066），而自我控制占26.0%（0.095）。感知压力和自我控制的系列中介效应占总效应的15.1%（0.055）。