Tsai Stella Manchun, Zhang Junfeng Jim, Smith Kirk R, Ma Yuqing, Rasmussen R A, Khalil M A K
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Jul 1;37(13):2869-77. doi: 10.1021/es026232a.
Emission contributions from cookstoves to indoor, regional, and global air pollution largely depend on stove and fuel types. This paper presents a database on emission factors of speciated non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) for 16 fuel/stove combinations burning 2 types of crop residue, wood, 4 types of coal, kerosene, and 3 types of gaseous fuels. The emission factors are presented both on a fuel mass basis (compound mass per fuel mass) and on a cooking task basis (compound mass per unit energy delivered to the pot). These fuel/stove combinations cover a large spectrum of the cookstoves used in both urban and rural households in China. Up to 54 hydrocarbons were identified, some of which are reactive precursors of photochemical smog. Based on published maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) values for NMHCs, we estimated stove-specific and fuel-specific ozone forming potentials (OFPs). The results indicate that raw coal powder, wood, and crop residues have higher OFP values than the other types of fuels tested. Strikingly, burning the coal briquette and honeycomb coal briquette produced OFP values more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than burning unprocessed (raw) coal, even in the same vented metal stove, for every 1 MJ delivered to the pot.
炉灶排放对室内、区域和全球空气污染的贡献在很大程度上取决于炉灶和燃料类型。本文介绍了一个数据库，该数据库包含了16种燃料/炉灶组合燃烧2种作物秸秆、木材、4种煤炭、煤油和3种气体燃料时特定非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHCs）的排放因子。排放因子既以燃料质量为基础（每单位燃料质量的化合物质量），也以烹饪任务为基础（每传递到锅中单位能量的化合物质量）。这些燃料/炉灶组合涵盖了中国城乡家庭使用的各类炉灶。共识别出多达54种碳氢化合物，其中一些是光化学烟雾的活性前体。基于已发表的NMHCs最大增量反应性（MIR）值，我们估算了特定炉灶和特定燃料的臭氧生成潜力（OFP）。结果表明，原煤粉、木材和作物秸秆的OFP值高于其他测试燃料类型。引人注目的是，即使在相同的通风金属炉灶中，每向锅中传递1兆焦能量，燃烧型煤和蜂窝煤产生的OFP值比燃烧未加工（原煤）煤低2个多数量级。
