Delaporte Maryse, Soudant Philippe, Moal Jeanne, Lambert Christophe, Quéré Claudie, Miner Philippe, Choquet Gwénaëlle, Paillard Christine, Samain Jean-François
Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, IFREMER de Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France.
J Exp Biol. 2003 Sep;206(Pt 17):3053-64. doi: 10.1242/jeb.00518.
The impact of diets upon the fatty acid composition of haemocyte polar lipids and consequently upon immune parameters has been tested in the oyster Crassostrea gigas and the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Oysters and clams were fed each of three cultured algae: Chaetoceros calcitrans, which is rich in 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) and poor in 22:6(n-3) fatty acids; T-Iso (Isochrysis sp.), which is rich in 22:6(n-3) and deficient in 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6); and Tetraselmis suecica, which is deficient in 22:6(n-3) and contains only small amounts of 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6). Fatty acid composition of haemocyte polar lipids was greatly affected by the diet. Oysters and clams fed C. calcitrans maintained a higher proportion of 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) in their haemocyte polar lipids, while these polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased drastically for animals fed T-Iso. However, the T-Iso diet maintained 22:6(n-3) in haemocyte polar lipids of both species. Higher 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) contents in diets appeared to have a positive effect upon total haemocyte count, granulocyte percentage, phagocytic rate and oxidative activity of clam haemocytes. Similarly, a positive effect of 20:5(n-3) on oxidative activity of oyster haemocytes was observed but to a lesser extent than in clams. Interestingly, when oyster haemocytes are submitted to a stressful condition, a positive effect of a higher dietary 22:6(n-3) content on the phagocytic rate was noticed.
在太平洋牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔中测试了不同饮食对血细胞极性脂质脂肪酸组成以及由此对免疫参数的影响。给牡蛎和蛤仔投喂三种养殖藻类中的每一种：角毛藻，富含20:5(n-3)和20:4(n-6)，但22:6(n-3)脂肪酸含量低；T-Iso（等鞭金藻属），富含22:6(n-3)，但20:5(n-3)和20:4(n-6)含量低；以及瑞典四爿藻，22:6(n-3)含量低，仅含有少量的20:5(n-3)和20:4(n-6)。饮食对血细胞极性脂质的脂肪酸组成有很大影响。投喂角毛藻的牡蛎和蛤仔，其血细胞极性脂质中20:5(n-3)和20:4(n-6)的比例较高，而投喂T-Iso的动物，这些多不饱和脂肪酸急剧下降。然而，T-Iso饮食使两种动物血细胞极性脂质中的22:6(n-3)得以维持。饮食中较高的20:5(n-3)和20:4(n-6)含量似乎对蛤仔血细胞的总血细胞计数、粒细胞百分比、吞噬率和氧化活性有积极影响。同样，观察到20:5(n-3)对牡蛎血细胞氧化活性有积极影响，但程度小于蛤仔。有趣的是，当牡蛎血细胞处于应激状态时，注意到饮食中较高的22:6(n-3)含量对吞噬率有积极影响。
