Cao Ruiwen, Wang Dan, Wei Qianyu, Wang Qing, Yang Dinglong, Liu Hui, Dong Zhijun, Zhang Xiaoli, Zhang Qianqian, Zhao Jianmin
Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
Front Physiol. 2018 Aug 21;9:1173. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01173. eCollection 2018.
Harmful algae blooms have expanded greatly in recent decades, and their secreted toxins pose a severe threat to human health and marine ecosystems. Saxitoxin (STX) is a main paralytic shellfish poison naturally produced by marine microalgae of the genus . Despite numerous studies have assessed the impacts of STX on marine bivalves, comparative study on the toxicity of STX on bivalves with distinct accumulation ability (such as oysters and scallops) has been seldom investigated. The aim of this study was to identify whether distinct sensitivity exists between oysters, , and scallops, under the same amount of STX exposure using multiple biomarker responses. The responses of different biochemical markers including oxidative stress markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione -transferase, and lipid peroxidation) and immunotoxicity biomarkers (hemocyte phagocytosis rate, reactive oxidative species production, and DNA damages) were evaluated in bivalves after 12, 48, and 96 h of exposure to STX. The integrated biomarker responses value combined with two-way ANOVA analysis suggested that STX posed slightly severer stress on scallops than oysters for the extended period of time. This study provided preliminary results on the usefulness of a multi-biomarker approach to assess the toxicity associated with STX exposure in marine bivalves.
近几十年来，有害藻华大幅扩张，其分泌的毒素对人类健康和海洋生态系统构成严重威胁。石房蛤毒素（STX）是由 属海洋微藻自然产生的一种主要麻痹性贝类毒素。尽管已有大量研究评估了 STX 对海洋双壳贝类的影响，但关于 STX 对具有不同积累能力的双壳贝类（如牡蛎和扇贝）毒性的比较研究却很少。本研究的目的是利用多种生物标志物反应，确定在相同剂量的 STX 暴露下，牡蛎、 和扇贝之间是否存在明显的敏感性差异。在双壳贝类暴露于 STX 12、48 和 96 小时后，评估了不同生化标志物的反应，包括氧化应激标志物（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽 -转移酶和脂质过氧化）和免疫毒性生物标志物（血细胞吞噬率、活性氧产生和 DNA 损伤）。综合生物标志物反应值结合双向方差分析表明，在较长时间内，STX 对扇贝造成的压力略比对牡蛎更严重。本研究为采用多生物标志物方法评估海洋双壳贝类中与 STX 暴露相关的毒性提供了初步结果。
