Bonilla-Fernández Pastor, López-Cervantes Malaquías, Torres-Sánchez Luisa E, Tortolero-Luna Guillermo, López-Carrillo Lizbeth
National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62508 Mexico.
Nutr Cancer. 2003;45(2):148-55. doi: 10.1207/S15327914NC4502_02.
Breast cancer (BC) morbidity and mortality in Mexico are on the rise, affecting younger women with more frequency. Nutritional factors are often mentioned as determinants of BC but their relevance is not well established in Latin-American countries, where dietary habits show great variation. From a study population previously assembled in Mexico City, 141 histologically confirmed cases of BC were matched by age (+/-3 yr) to an equal number of hospital controls. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to all subjects and the risk of BC was estimated in relation to the intake of selected nutrients. The findings of this study show a protective effect against BC due to a high intake of polyunsaturated fat (odds ratio, OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.40, P for trend = 0.001) and vitamin E (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.44, P for trend = 0.003) among postmenopausal women. In addition, our findings also suggest that a high intake of total fiber (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.08-1.10, P for trend = 0.080) and carotenes (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.16-1.14, P for trend = 0.088) lowers BC risk among premenopausal women. The relationship between the intake of nutrients and BC risk needs further confirmation.
墨西哥乳腺癌（BC）的发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势，且更频繁地影响年轻女性。营养因素常被提及为乳腺癌的决定因素，但其相关性在饮食习惯差异很大的拉丁美洲国家尚未得到充分证实。从先前在墨西哥城聚集的研究人群中，选取141例经组织学确诊的乳腺癌病例，按年龄（±3岁）与同等数量的医院对照进行匹配。对所有受试者进行了食物频率问卷调查，并根据所选营养素的摄入量估计乳腺癌风险。本研究结果显示，绝经后女性中，多不饱和脂肪摄入量高（优势比，OR = 0.10，95%置信区间 = 0.02 - 0.40，趋势P值 = 0.001）和维生素E摄入量高（OR = 0.10，95%置信区间 = 0.02 - 0.44，趋势P值 = 0.003）对乳腺癌有保护作用。此外，我们的研究结果还表明，绝经前女性中，总纤维摄入量高（OR = 0.29，95%置信区间 = 0.08 - 1.10，趋势P值 = 0.080）和胡萝卜素摄入量高（OR = 0.42，95%置信区间 = 0.16 - 1.14，趋势P值 = 0.088）可降低乳腺癌风险。营养素摄入量与乳腺癌风险之间的关系需要进一步证实。
