Doerksen S, Shimamura A P
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
Emotion. 2001 Mar;1(1):5-11. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.5.
The influence of emotional stimuli on source memory was investigated by using emotionally valenced words. The words were colored blue or yellow (Experiment 1) or surrounded by a blue or yellow frame (Experiment 2). Participants were asked to associate the words with the colors. In both experiments, emotionally valenced words elicited enhanced free recall compared with nonvalenced words; however, recognition memory was not affected. Source memory for the associated color was also enhanced for emotional words, suggesting that even memory for contextual information is benefited by emotional stimuli. This effect was not due to the ease of semantic clustering of emotional words because semantically related words were not associated with enhanced source memory, despite enhanced recall (Experiment 3). It is suggested that enhancement resulted from facilitated arousal or attention, which may act to increase organization processes important for source memory.
通过使用带有情感效价的词语，研究了情绪刺激对源记忆的影响。这些词语被涂成蓝色或黄色（实验1）或被蓝色或黄色边框包围（实验2）。要求参与者将词语与颜色联系起来。在两个实验中，与无情感效价的词语相比，带有情感效价的词语引发了更好的自由回忆；然而，识别记忆并未受到影响。对于情感词语，相关颜色的源记忆也得到了增强，这表明即使是对情境信息的记忆也会受益于情绪刺激。这种效应并非由于情感词语语义聚类的容易程度，因为尽管回忆增强，但语义相关的词语并未与增强的源记忆相关联（实验3）。研究表明，增强是由唤醒或注意力的促进导致的，这可能会促进对源记忆重要的组织过程。
