Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
Nutr Res. 2021 Oct;94:10-24. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.002. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
Topical 17-beta-estradiol (E2) regulates the hair cycle, hair shaft differentiation, and sebum production. Vitamin A also regulates sebum production. Vitamin A metabolism proteins localized to the pilosebaceous unit (PSU; hair follicle and sebaceous gland); and were regulated by E2 in other tissues. This study tests the hypothesis that E2 also regulates vitamin A metabolism in the PSU. First, aromatase and estrogen receptors localized to similar sites as retinoid metabolism proteins during mid-anagen. Next, female and male wax stripped C57BL/6J mice were topically treated with E2, the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI), letrozole, E2 plus letrozole, or vehicle control (acetone) during mid-anagen. E2 or one of its inhibitors regulated most of the vitamin A metabolism genes and proteins examined in a sex-dependent manner. Most components were higher in females and reduced with ICI in females. ICI reductions occurred in the premedulla, sebaceous gland, and epidermis. Reduced E2 also reduced RA receptors in the sebaceous gland and bulge in females. However, reduced E2 increased the number of retinal dehydrogenase 2 positive hair follicle associated dermal dendritic cells in males. These results suggest that estrogen regulates vitamin A metabolism in the skin. Interactions between E2 and vitamin A have implications in acne treatment, hair loss, and skin immunity.
局部应用 17-β-雌二醇（E2）可调节毛发生长周期、毛发分化和皮脂分泌。维生素 A 也可调节皮脂分泌。维生素 A 代谢蛋白定位于毛囊皮脂腺单位（PSU；毛囊和皮脂腺）；并在其他组织中受 E2 调节。本研究检验了 E2 也可调节 PSU 中维生素 A 代谢的假设。首先，在毛发生长期中期，芳香酶和雌激素受体与视黄醇代谢蛋白定位于相似的部位。接下来，对处于毛发生长期中期的雌性和雄性去毛 C57BL/6J 小鼠进行局部 E2、雌激素受体拮抗剂 ICI 182,780（ICI）、来曲唑、E2+来曲唑或对照（丙酮）处理。E2 或其抑制剂之一以性别依赖的方式调节了所检查的大部分维生素 A 代谢基因和蛋白。大多数成分在雌性中更高，并在雌性中因 ICI 而降低。ICI 减少发生在预髓质、皮脂腺和表皮。E2 减少也降低了雌性皮脂腺和隆起处的 RA 受体。然而，E2 减少增加了雄性中与毛囊相关的皮肤树突状细胞中视黄醛脱氢酶 2 阳性的数量。这些结果表明，雌激素可调节皮肤中的维生素 A 代谢。E2 和维生素 A 之间的相互作用对痤疮治疗、脱发和皮肤免疫具有重要意义。
