Vaughan Theresa M, Heetderks William J, Trejo Leonard J, Rymer William Z, Weinrich Michael, Moore Melody M, Kübler Andrea, Dobkin Bruce H, Birbaumer Niels, Donchin Emanuel, Wolpaw Elizabeth Winter, Wolpaw Jonathan R
IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2003 Jun;11(2):94-109. doi: 10.1109/tnsre.2003.814799.
This paper summarizes the Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication and Control, The Second International Meeting, held in Rensselaerville, NY, in June 2002. Sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and organized by the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health, the meeting addressed current work and future plans in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. Ninety-two researchers representing 38 different research groups from the United States, Canada, Europe, and China participated. The BCIs discussed at the meeting use electroencephalographic activity recorded from the scalp or single-neuron activity recorded within cortex to control cursor movement, select letters or icons, or operate neuroprostheses. The central element in each BCI is a translation algorithm that converts electrophysiological input from the user into output that controls external devices. BCI operation depends on effective interaction between two adaptive controllers, the user who encodes his or her commands in the electrophysiological input provided to the BCI, and the BCI that recognizes the commands contained in the input and expresses them in device control. Current BCIs have maximum information transfer rates of up to 25 b/min. Achievement of greater speed and accuracy requires improvements in signal acquisition and processing, in translation algorithms, and in user training. These improvements depend on interdisciplinary cooperation among neuroscientists, engineers, computer programmers, psychologists, and rehabilitation specialists, and on adoption and widespread application of objective criteria for evaluating alternative methods. The practical use of BCI technology will be determined by the development of appropriate applications and identification of appropriate user groups, and will require careful attention to the needs and desires of individual users.
本文总结了2002年6月在纽约州伦斯勒维尔举行的第二届“用于通信与控制的脑机接口国际会议”。该会议由美国国立卫生研究院赞助，由纽约州卫生部沃兹沃思中心组织，探讨了脑机接口（BCI）研究的当前工作和未来计划。来自美国、加拿大、欧洲和中国的38个不同研究小组的92名研究人员参加了会议。会议讨论的脑机接口利用从头皮记录的脑电图活动或在皮层内记录的单神经元活动来控制光标移动、选择字母或图标，或操作神经假体。每个脑机接口的核心要素是一种翻译算法，该算法将用户的电生理输入转换为控制外部设备的输出。脑机接口的操作依赖于两个自适应控制器之间的有效交互，即用户（在提供给脑机接口的电生理输入中对其命令进行编码）和脑机接口（识别输入中包含的命令并在设备控制中表达这些命令）。当前的脑机接口最大信息传输速率高达25比特/分钟。要实现更高的速度和准确性，需要在信号采集与处理、翻译算法以及用户培训方面加以改进。这些改进依赖于神经科学家、工程师、计算机程序员、心理学家和康复专家之间的跨学科合作，以及采用和广泛应用评估替代方法的客观标准。脑机接口技术的实际应用将取决于适当应用的开发和适当用户群体的确定，并且需要仔细关注个体用户的需求和愿望。
