Cook M, Mineka S
University of Wisconsin-Madison.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1990 Oct;16(4):372-89.
Three experiments explored the issue of selective associations in the observational conditioning of fear. Experiment 1 results indicated that observer rhesus monkeys acquired a fear of snakes through watching videotapes of model monkeys behaving fearfully with snakes. In Experiment 2, observers watched edited videotapes that showed models reacting either fearfully to toy snakes and nonfearfully to artificial flowers (SN+/FL-) or vice versa (FL+/SN-). SN+/FL- observers acquired a fear of snakes but not of flowers; FL+/SN- observers did not acquire a fear of either stimulus. In Experiment 3, monkeys solved complex appetitive discriminative (PAN) problems at comparable rates regardless of whether the discriminative stimuli were the videotaped snake or the flower stimuli used in Experiment 2. Thus, monkeys appear to selectively associate snakes with fear.
三项实验探究了恐惧观察性条件作用中的选择性关联问题。实验1的结果表明，作为观察者的恒河猴通过观看示范猴对蛇表现出恐惧行为的录像带，从而对蛇产生了恐惧。在实验2中，观察者观看了经过编辑的录像带，录像带中示范猴要么对玩具蛇表现出恐惧反应，对人造花表现出无恐惧反应（蛇+ / 花-），要么情况相反（花+ / 蛇-）。蛇+ / 花-组的观察者对蛇产生了恐惧，但对花没有恐惧；花+ / 蛇-组的观察者对两种刺激都没有产生恐惧。在实验3中，无论辨别刺激是实验2中使用的录像带中的蛇还是花刺激，猴子解决复杂的食欲辨别（PAN）问题的速度相当。因此，猴子似乎将蛇与恐惧选择性地联系在一起。
