Kosten Thomas R, Biegel Diane
Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2002 Oct;1(3):363-71. doi: 10.1586/14760584.1.3.365.
Several immunotherapies are under development for nicotine, cocaine and phencyclidine and a cocaine vaccine has started human trials. These therapies promise a new approach to diseases that have had limited treatment success and tremendous morbidity. Both the cocaine and nicotine addiction immunotherapies have reduced 'relapse' to drug use in animal model systems. To date, the active cocaine vaccine has few side effects and induces considerable antibody titers after active immunization in humans. Studies with the monoclonal phencyclidine immunotherapy provide intriguing evidence of sustained protection for months after single-dose administration. Other immunotherapy may include treatment of drug overdose, prevention of brain or cardiac toxicity and protection of a fetus during pregnancy in a drug abuser.
目前正在研发针对尼古丁、可卡因和苯环己哌啶的多种免疫疗法，一种可卡因疫苗已开始人体试验。这些疗法有望为治疗效果有限且发病率极高的疾病提供新途径。可卡因和尼古丁成瘾免疫疗法在动物模型系统中均减少了药物使用的“复吸”情况。迄今为止，活性可卡因疫苗副作用极少，在人体主动免疫后可诱导产生相当高的抗体滴度。单克隆苯环己哌啶免疫疗法的研究提供了有趣的证据，表明单剂量给药后可提供长达数月的持续保护。其他免疫疗法可能包括治疗药物过量、预防脑或心脏毒性以及保护孕期吸毒者的胎儿。
