Carter-Snell Cathy, Hegadoren Kathy
Mount Royal College, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Can J Nurs Res. 2003 Jun;35(2):34-55.
Numerous epidemiological studies report increased prevalence rates for women as compared to men for stress-related disorders such as acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder. Stress disorders disrupt work and home life and pose a high risk for suicide. Multiple factors contribute to the increased vulnerability in women. Physiological differences account for some of the differential. Other factors that make a significant contribution to the overall risk for health problems in response to stressors or trauma include the nature and meaning of the trauma, accessibility of resources, and restrictive diagnostic categories. Increasing our knowledge of the individual impact of each factor as well as the interactions among the factors is central to understanding the development of stress disorders. Comprehensive sex- and gender-sensitive middle-range theory, which explores the role of key factors identified in qualitative and quantitative research, is required. The authors discuss structural equation modelling as one method of theory testing.
大量流行病学研究报告称，与男性相比，女性患急性应激障碍、创伤后应激障碍和重度抑郁症等与压力相关疾病的患病率更高。压力障碍会扰乱工作和家庭生活，并带来很高的自杀风险。多种因素导致女性更容易患病。生理差异是造成这种差异的部分原因。其他对因应激源或创伤而导致健康问题的总体风险有重大影响的因素包括创伤的性质和意义、资源的可获取性以及限制性诊断类别。增加我们对每个因素的个体影响以及各因素之间相互作用的了解，对于理解压力障碍的发展至关重要。需要全面的、对性别敏感的中程理论，该理论要探索定性和定量研究中确定的关键因素的作用。作者讨论了结构方程模型作为一种理论检验方法。
