Catledge Shane A, Fries Marc D, Vohra Yogesh K, Lacefield William R, Lemons Jack E, Woodard Shanna, Venugopalan Ramakrishna
Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2002 Jun-Aug;2(3-4):293-312. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2002.116.
Recent progress in the synthesis, characterization, and biological compatibility of nanostructured ceramics for biomedical implants is reviewed. A major goal is to develop ceramic coating technology that can reduce the friction and wear in mating total joint replacement components, thus contributing to their significantly improved function and longer life span. Particular attention is focused on the enhancement of mechanical properties such as hardness, toughness, and friction coefficient and on the bioactivity as they pertain to the nanostructure of the material. The development of three nanostructured implant coatings is discussed: diamond, hydroxyapatite, and functionally graded metalloceramics based on the Cr-Ti-N ternary system. Nanostructured diamond produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques and composed of nano-size diamond grains have particular promise because of the combination of ultrahigh hardness, improved toughness over conventional microcrystalline diamond, low friction, and good adhesion to titanium alloys. Nanostructured processing applied to hydroxyapatite coatings is used to achieve the desired mechanical characteristics and enhanced surface reactivity and has been found to increase osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization. Finally, nanostructured metalloceramic coatings provide continuous variation from a nanocrystalline metallic bond at the interface to the hard ceramic bond on the surface and have the ability to overcome adhesion problems associated with ceramic hard coatings on metallic substrates.
本文综述了用于生物医学植入物的纳米结构陶瓷在合成、表征及生物相容性方面的最新进展。一个主要目标是开发陶瓷涂层技术，以减少全关节置换配对部件中的摩擦和磨损，从而显著改善其功能并延长使用寿命。特别关注的是材料纳米结构相关的机械性能（如硬度、韧性和摩擦系数）的增强以及生物活性。文中讨论了三种纳米结构植入物涂层的发展：金刚石涂层、羟基磷灰石涂层以及基于Cr-Ti-N三元体系的功能梯度金属陶瓷涂层。通过化学气相沉积（CVD）技术制备的、由纳米尺寸金刚石颗粒组成的纳米结构金刚石具有特殊的前景，因为它兼具超高硬度、相较于传统微晶金刚石有所提高的韧性、低摩擦以及与钛合金的良好附着力。应用于羟基磷灰石涂层的纳米结构工艺用于实现所需的机械特性并增强表面反应性，且已发现其能增加成骨细胞的黏附、增殖和矿化。最后，纳米结构金属陶瓷涂层能实现从界面处的纳米晶金属键到表面硬陶瓷键的连续变化，并能够克服与金属基底上陶瓷硬涂层相关的附着力问题。
