Nevin John A, Milo Jessica, Odum Amy L, Shahan Timothy A
University of New Hampshire, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2003 May;79(3):307-21. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2003.79-307.
Pigeons were trained on multiple schedules in which responding on a center key produced matching-to-sample trials according to the same variable-interval 30-s schedules in both components. Matching trials consisted of a vertical or tilted line sample on the center key followed by vertical and tilted comparisons on the side keys. Correct responses to comparison stimuli were reinforced with probability .80 in the rich component and .20 in the lean component. Baseline response rates and matching accuracies generally were higher in the rich component, consistent with previous research. When performance was disrupted by prefeeding, response-independent food during intercomponent intervals, intrusion of a delay between sample and comparison stimuli, or extinction, both response rates and matching accuracies generally decreased. Proportions of baseline response rate were greater in the rich component for all disrupters except delay, which had relatively small and inconsistent effects on response rate. By contrast, delay had large and consistent effects on matching accuracy, and proportions of baseline matching accuracy were greater in the rich component for all four disrupters. The dissociation of response rate and accuracy with delay reflects the localized impact of delay on matching performance. The similarity of the data for response rate and accuracy with prefeeding, response-independent food, and extinction shows that matching performance, like response rate, is more resistant to change in a rich than in a lean component. This result extends resistance to change analyses from the frequency of response emission to the degree of stimulus control, and suggests that the strength of discriminating, like the strength of responding, is positively related to rate of reinforcement.
鸽子接受了多种训练程序，在这些程序中，对中央按键的反应会根据两个组成部分中相同的30秒可变间隔时间表产生匹配样本试验。匹配试验包括中央按键上的垂直或倾斜线条样本，随后是侧边按键上的垂直和倾斜比较刺激。对比较刺激的正确反应在丰富条件下以0.80的概率得到强化，在贫乏条件下以0.20的概率得到强化。丰富条件下的基线反应率和匹配准确率通常更高，这与之前的研究一致。当表现因预喂、各组成部分间隔期间与反应无关的食物、样本与比较刺激之间延迟的介入或消退而受到干扰时，反应率和匹配准确率通常都会下降。除延迟外，所有干扰因素在丰富条件下的基线反应率比例都更大，延迟对反应率的影响相对较小且不一致。相比之下，延迟对匹配准确率有较大且一致的影响，在所有四种干扰因素下，丰富条件下的基线匹配准确率比例都更大。反应率与延迟时准确率的分离反映了延迟对匹配表现的局部影响。预喂、与反应无关的食物和消退时反应率和准确率数据的相似性表明，与反应率一样，匹配表现对丰富条件下变化的抵抗力更强。这一结果将对变化的抵抗力分析从反应发出的频率扩展到刺激控制的程度，并表明辨别力的强度与反应强度一样，与强化率呈正相关。
