Kleinstein Robert N, Jones Lisa A, Hullett Sandral, Kwon Soonsi, Lee Robert J, Friedman Nina E, Manny Ruth E, Mutti Donald O, Yu Julie A, Zadnik Karla
University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 Aug;121(8):1141-7. doi: 10.1001/archopht.121.8.1141.
To report the baseline prevalence of refractive error in the study population.
A multicenter, longitudinal, observational study of refractive error and ocular development in children from 4 ethnic groups.
The study population included 2523 children (534 African American, 491 Asian, 463 Hispanic, and 1035 white) in grades 1 to 8 (age, 5-17 years). Myopia was defined as -0.75 diopters (D) or more and hyperopia as +1.25 D or more in each principal meridian, and astigmatism was defined as at least a 1.00-D difference between the 2 principal meridians (cycloplegic autorefraction).
Overall, 9.2% of the children were myopic, 12.8% were hyperopic, and 28.4% were astigmatic. There were significant differences in the refractive error prevalences as a function of ethnicity (chi2, P<.001), even after controlling for age and sex (polychotomous logistic regression, P<.001). For myopia, Asians had the highest prevalence (18.5%), followed by Hispanics (13.2%). Whites had the lowest prevalence of myopia (4.4%), which was not significantly different from African Americans (6.6%). For hyperopia, whites had the highest prevalence (19.3%), followed by Hispanics (12.7%). Asians had the lowest prevalence of hyperopia (6.3%) and were not significantly different from African Americans (6.4%). For astigmatism, Asians and Hispanics had the highest prevalences (33.6% and 36.9%, respectively) and did not differ from each other (P =.17). African Americans had the lowest prevalence of astigmatism (20.0%), followed by whites (26.4%).
There were significant differences in the prevalence of refractive errors among ethnic groups, even after controlling for age and sex (P<.001).
报告研究人群中屈光不正的基线患病率。
一项对4个种族儿童屈光不正和眼部发育情况进行的多中心、纵向观察性研究。
研究人群包括1至8年级（年龄5 - 17岁）的2523名儿童（534名非裔美国人、491名亚裔、463名西班牙裔和1035名白人）。近视定义为每条主子午线上屈光度（D）为-0.75或更低，远视定义为每条主子午线上屈光度为+1.25或更高，散光定义为两条主子午线之间至少有1.00 D的差异（睫状肌麻痹自动验光）。
总体而言，9.2%的儿童患有近视，12.8%的儿童患有远视，28.4%的儿童患有散光。即使在控制年龄和性别因素后（多分类逻辑回归，P <.001），屈光不正患病率在不同种族间仍存在显著差异（χ²，P <.001）。对于近视，亚裔患病率最高（18.5%），其次是西班牙裔（13.2%）。白人近视患病率最低（4.4%），与非裔美国人（6.6%）无显著差异。对于远视，白人患病率最高（19.3%），其次是西班牙裔（12.7%）。亚裔远视患病率最低（6.3%），与非裔美国人（6.4%）无显著差异。对于散光，亚裔和西班牙裔患病率最高（分别为33.6%和36.9%），二者之间无差异（P = 0.17）。非裔美国人散光患病率最低（20.0%），其次是白人（26.4%）。
即使在控制年龄和性别因素后（P <.001），不同种族间屈光不正患病率仍存在显著差异。
