Twelker J Daniel, Mitchell G Lynn, Messer Dawn H, Bhakta Rita, Jones Lisa A, Mutti Donald O, Cotter Susuan A, Klenstein Robert N, Manny Ruth E, Zadnik Karla
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Optom Vis Sci. 2009 Aug;86(8):918-35. doi: 10.1097/opx.0b013e3181b2f903.
This cross-sectional report includes ocular component data as a function of age, gender, and ethnicity from the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study.
The ocular components of 4881 school-aged children were examined using cycloplegic autorefraction (refractive error), keratometry (corneal curvature), ultrasonography (axial dimensions), and videophakometry (lens curvature).
The average age (+/-SD) was 8.8 +/- 2.3 years, and 2457 were girls (50.3%). Sixteen percent were African-American, 14.8% were Asian, 22.9% were Hispanic, 11.6% were Native American, and 34.9% were White. More myopic/less hyperopic refractive error was associated with greater age, especially in Asians, less in Whites and African Americans. Corneal power varied slightly with age, with girls showing a greater mean corneal power. Native-American children had greater corneal toricity with a markedly flatter horizontal corneal power. Anterior chambers were longer with age, and boys had deeper anterior chambers. Native-American children had the shallowest anterior chambers and Whites the deepest. Girls had higher Gullstrand and calculated lens powers than boys. Boys had longer vitreous chambers and axial lengths, and both were longer with age. Native Americans had the longest vitreous chambers and Whites the shortest.
Most ocular components showed little clinically meaningful variation by ethnicity. The shallower anterior chambers and deeper vitreous chambers of Native-American children appeared to be offset by flatter corneas. The relatively deeper anterior chambers and shallower vitreous chambers of White children appeared to be offset by steeper corneas. Asian children had more myopic spherical equivalent refractive errors, but for a given refractive error the ocular parameters of Asian children were moderate in value compared with those of other ethnic groups. Asian children may develop longer, myopic eyes more often than other ethnic groups, but the eyes of Asian emmetropes do not appear to be innately longer.
本横断面报告包含了来自种族与屈光不正协作纵向评估（CLEERE）研究中，作为年龄、性别和种族函数的眼部组件数据。
使用睫状肌麻痹自动验光法（屈光不正）、角膜曲率测量法（角膜曲率）、超声检查法（眼轴长度）和视频晶状体测量法（晶状体曲率）对4881名学龄儿童的眼部组件进行检查。
平均年龄（±标准差）为8.8±2.3岁，女孩有2457名（50.3%）。16%为非裔美国人，14.8%为亚洲人，22.9%为西班牙裔，11.6%为美洲原住民，34.9%为白人。近视程度增加/远视程度降低的屈光不正与年龄增长相关，尤其是在亚洲人中，在白人和非裔美国人中则较少。角膜屈光力随年龄略有变化，女孩的平均角膜屈光力更高。美洲原住民儿童的角膜散光更大，水平角膜屈光力明显更平。前房随年龄增长而变长，男孩的前房更深。美洲原住民儿童的前房最浅，白人的前房最深。女孩的古尔斯特兰德和计算得出的晶状体屈光力高于男孩。男孩的玻璃体腔和眼轴长度更长，且两者均随年龄增长而变长。美洲原住民的玻璃体腔最长，白人的最短。
大多数眼部组件在种族方面几乎没有临床意义上的显著差异。美洲原住民儿童较浅的前房和较深的玻璃体腔似乎被较平的角膜所抵消。白人儿童相对较深的前房和较浅的玻璃体腔似乎被较陡的角膜所抵消。亚洲儿童的等效球镜屈光不正近视程度更高，但对于给定的屈光不正，与其他种族群体相比，亚洲儿童的眼部参数值处于中等水平。亚洲儿童可能比其他种族群体更常出现眼轴更长的近视眼，但亚洲正视眼儿童的眼睛似乎并非天生眼轴更长。
