Exact Sciences and Engineering Research Center (CICEI), Bolivian Catholic University San Pablo, M. Marquez Street and Jorge Trigo Andia Park - Tupuraya, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Faculty of Commerce, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan.
BMC Public Health. 2022 May 31;22(1):1077. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13068-1.
Governments have attempted to combat the COVID-19 pandemic by issuing guidelines for disease prevention behavior (e.g., wearing masks, social distancing, etc.) and by enforcing these guidelines. However, while some citizens have complied with these guidelines, others have ignored them or have even participated in large-scale protests. This research aims both to understand the causes of such variation in citizens' adherence to government guidelines on disease prevention behavior and to extend the scientific literature on disease prevention to account for the collective resilience of a society to diseases. Thus, this research draws on the health belief model and collective resilience theory to develop hypotheses about the determinants of a citizen's disease prevention behavior. These hypotheses deal with how citizens' vulnerability, attitudes toward disease prevention, and social orientation are associated with COVID-19 prevention behaviors.
From March 24 to April 4, 2020, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Bolivia. It included questions on demographic characteristics, chronic health problems, emotional burden, attitudes towards preventive behaviors, trust in public institutions, and culture. Among 5265 participants who clicked on the survey, 1857 at least partially filled it out. After removing data with missing responses to any variable, the final sample consists of 1231 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling.
Regarding a citizen's vulnerability, chronic health problems have a U-shaped association with disease prevention behavior. Moreover, age, female gender, and worries have positive associations with disease prevention behavior, whereas depression showed a negative association. Regarding attitudes toward disease prevention, trust in public institutions, and attitudes toward social distancing, a government-imposed lockdown and the enforcement of this lockdown showed positive associations with disease prevention behavior. Regarding social orientation, individualism and collectivism both have positive relationships with disease prevention behavior.
In the COVID-19 pandemic, a citizen's low vulnerability, weak social orientation, and beliefs about low benefits of disease prevention behavior are associated with poor compliance with guidelines on disease prevention behavior. More research on these associations would help generalize these findings to other populations and other public health crises.
各国政府试图通过发布疾病预防行为指南（例如，戴口罩、保持社交距离等）并执行这些指南来应对 COVID-19 大流行。然而，尽管一些公民遵守了这些指南，但另一些公民却忽视了这些指南，甚至参与了大规模的抗议活动。本研究旨在既了解公民对疾病预防行为政府指南的遵守程度存在差异的原因，又扩展疾病预防科学文献，以说明社会对疾病的集体恢复力。因此，本研究借鉴健康信念模型和集体恢复力理论，提出了关于公民疾病预防行为决定因素的假设。这些假设涉及公民的脆弱性、对疾病预防的态度和社会取向如何与 COVID-19 预防行为相关联。
2020 年 3 月 24 日至 4 月 4 日，在玻利维亚进行了一项横断面在线调查。它包括人口统计学特征、慢性健康问题、情绪负担、预防行为态度、对公共机构的信任和文化方面的问题。在点击调查的 5265 名参与者中，有 1857 名至少部分填写了该调查。在剔除对任何变量都有缺失响应的数据后，最终样本由 1231 名受访者组成。收集的数据使用分层线性建模进行分析。
关于公民的脆弱性，慢性健康问题与疾病预防行为呈 U 型关联。此外，年龄、女性性别和担忧与疾病预防行为呈正相关，而抑郁则呈负相关。关于对疾病预防的态度、对公共机构的信任和对社会隔离的态度，政府实施的封锁和对封锁的执行与疾病预防行为呈正相关。关于社会取向，个人主义和集体主义都与疾病预防行为呈正相关。
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，公民的脆弱性低、社会取向弱、对疾病预防行为效益低的信念与对疾病预防行为指南的遵守程度差有关。对这些关联的更多研究将有助于将这些发现推广到其他人群和其他公共卫生危机。
