Xie Xiaofei, Wang Mei, Xu Liancang
Psychology Department, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Risk Anal. 2003 Aug;23(4):685-95. doi: 10.1111/1539-6924.00347.
The aim of this study is to investigate public perceived risk on various issues in present-day China. Two surveys were conducted in urban China in 1996 and 1998. In the first survey, risk perceptions of different occupational groups are compared. Gender differences within each occupational group are also analyzed. In the second survey, participants with diverse employment status were recruited. The overall risk rankings of both surveys indicate great concern with risks that threaten national stability and economic development, and less concern with high-technology risk such as threat from a nuclear power plant. It is also found that employees from high-profit firms are more concerned about macroscopic catastrophic risks, whereas laid-off workers and employees from money-losing enterprises are more concerned about daily life or self-concerned risks. The importance of actual exposure to risk, mass media coverage, culture, and psychometric dimensions are discussed.
本研究旨在调查当代中国公众对各类问题的风险认知。1996年和1998年在中国城市进行了两项调查。在第一项调查中，比较了不同职业群体的风险认知，并分析了每个职业群体内部的性别差异。在第二项调查中，招募了具有不同就业状况的参与者。两项调查的总体风险排名表明，公众高度关注威胁国家稳定和经济发展的风险，而对诸如核电站威胁等高技术风险关注较少。研究还发现，高利润企业的员工更关注宏观灾难性风险，而失业工人和亏损企业的员工更关注日常生活或自身相关的风险。文中讨论了实际接触风险、大众媒体报道、文化和心理测量维度的重要性。
