Gissler Mika, Pakkanen Milla, Olausson Petra Otterblad
National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, STAKES, 00531 Helsinki, Finland.
Soc Sci Med. 2003 Oct;57(8):1443-54. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00402-1.
Several studies have reported poorer infant outcome among immigrants, but contrary evidence also exists. Between 1940 and 1999 more than a half million Finns emigrated to Sweden, which made Finns the largest minority group in Sweden. Our aim was to investigate fertility trends, parturients' background and pregnancy outcomes among Finns in Sweden, and to compare the findings with those obtained among Swedes in Sweden and Finns in Finland. The data came from the Finnish and Swedish Medical Birth Registers for the years 1987-1998. All deliveries by women born in Finland and having given birth in Sweden (N=33874) were compared with a 10% sample of all deliveries by Swedish parturients in Sweden (N=108549) and of all Finnish deliveries (n=75133). Among Finns in Sweden, the number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 years declined significantly in the late 1990s. The change in the total fertility rate was less dramatic: the rate for Finns in Sweden followed the total Swedish rate although it remained from 5% to 10% higher up to the mid-1990s. Finns who had given birth in Sweden were older, had a higher parity and a higher prevalence of previous miscarriages, and smoked more often than did Swedes in Sweden or Finns in Finland. The crude infant outcomes of Finns having given birth in Sweden were equal to those among Swedes in Sweden (except for the incidence of small for gestational age), but poorer than in Finland. Biological factors explained the differences between Finns in Sweden and Finland in being small for gestational age, and biological factors and smoking explained the difference in prematurity. The difference in low birth weight remained statistically significant (3.9% versus 3.6% among singletons). In conclusion, fertility trends followed the pattern prevailing in the resident country. The relatively good outcome of children whose mothers were born in Finland but who had given birth in Sweden can partly be explained by the healthy migrant effect.
多项研究报告称移民中的婴儿结局较差，但也存在相反的证据。1940年至1999年间，超过50万芬兰人移民到瑞典，这使得芬兰人成为瑞典最大的少数族裔群体。我们的目的是调查瑞典芬兰人的生育趋势、产妇背景和妊娠结局，并将研究结果与瑞典的瑞典人和芬兰的芬兰人进行比较。数据来自1987 - 1998年芬兰和瑞典的医学出生登记册。将所有在芬兰出生并在瑞典分娩的女性（N = 33874）的分娩情况与瑞典产妇在瑞典的所有分娩的10%样本（N = 108549）以及所有芬兰分娩（n = 75133）进行比较。在瑞典的芬兰人中，20世纪90年代后期每1000名15 - 49岁女性的活产数显著下降。总生育率变化不那么显著：瑞典芬兰人的生育率遵循瑞典的总生育率，尽管直到20世纪9年代中期仍高出5%至10%。在瑞典分娩的芬兰女性年龄更大、产次更高、既往流产患病率更高，且吸烟比瑞典的瑞典人或芬兰的芬兰人更频繁。在瑞典分娩的芬兰人的粗婴儿结局与瑞典的瑞典人相同（除了小于胎龄儿的发生率），但比芬兰的情况差。生物学因素解释了瑞典和芬兰的芬兰人在小于胎龄儿方面的差异，生物学因素和吸烟解释了早产方面的差异。低出生体重的差异在统计学上仍然显著（单胎中分别为3.9%和3.6%）。总之，生育趋势遵循居住国的普遍模式。母亲在芬兰出生但在瑞典分娩的儿童相对较好的结局部分可以用健康移民效应来解释。
